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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:32px;padding-right:31px;padding-bottom:32px;padding-left:31px;color:#000;background-color:#e3e1d8;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><em>Special Focus<br></em><strong>The Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity: in the DRC-Rwanda peace deal, the U.S. comes out as the only clear winner</strong></h4><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 4 December, President Trump succeeded in his bid to bring together Congolese president Felix Tshisekedi and his Rwandan counterpart Paul Kagame to <a href="https://www.state.gov/joint-declaration-by-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-the-republic-of-rwanda-on-the-occasion-of-establishing-the-washington-accords-for-peace-and-prosperity/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">officially sign</span></a> the 27 June peace deal (see <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/azTd9LxS7N-nS-b7mkvrwtY3zQpOg4KSJmXcXBGol53k1BlNhxmkWhRy0GGh6PZUJJwqTxIocQUKEVGnJ_5Y6mnh8rcXAQ52" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Special Edition #1 of the News Monitor</span></a>) and the <a href="https://www.state.gov/regional-economic-integration-framework-between-the-government-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-the-government-of-the-republic-of-rwanda/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Regional Economic Integration Framework</span></a> (REIF) (see <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/ym9CfA6LtscBrLLt6_ABPK__VvkzMUjobVYTjzNrw_IlpmrCCA-i_DumMWyJmDfwHyThX6CtEl-Jzhk18kKRWNWAWgRArVl0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Special Edition #2 of the News Monitor</span></a>) in Washington, D.C.. The <a href="https://x.com/i/broadcasts/1ynKOMAlOqXJR" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">ceremony</span></a> took place at the <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/12/04/g-s1-100576/trump-institute-of-peace-name" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">newly-renamed</span></a> Donald J. Trump Institute for Peace, formerly United States Institute of Peace.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">In addition to the peace deal and the REIF, known together as the ‘Washington Accords’, the following bilateral instruments were signed: a <a href="https://www.state.gov/strategic-partnership-agreement-between-the-government-of-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-government-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Strategic Partnership Agreement between the United States and the Democratic Republic of Congo</span></a>; a Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the United States and the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Concerning an Expanded Security Partnership; and a U.S.-Rwanda Framework for Shared Economic Prosperity. The text of the two latter has not been made publicly available. At the heart of the deals is the protection of American strategic interests in critical minerals by restructuring mineral supply chains and modernizing infrastructure.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Though Presidents Tshisekedi and Kagame did not shake hands, the moment undoubtedly marks a symbolic victory for President Trump’s administration and the President’s track record as a peacemaker. Still, no one is under the illusion that peace has been achieved. President Tshisekedi underscored that the implementation of the REIF will remain contingent on the withdrawal of Rwandan troops from Congolese territory, which, from their end, Rwandan authorities have said will remain contingent on the neutralization of FDLR. On the ground in eastern Congo, fighting continues unabated, as both sides accuse each other of <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-rwanda-backed-rebels-accuse-each-other-sabotaging-peace-deals-2025-12-02/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">near-daily ceasefire violations</span></a>.&nbsp;</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The challenges ahead are plenty. Even if Kigali and Kinshasa succeed in implementing the Washington Accords, M23, which is not a party to these agreements, continues <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/ym9CfA6LtscBrLLt6_ABPK__VvkzMUjobVYTjzNrw_IlpmrCCA-i_DumMWyJmDfwHyThX6CtEl-Jzhk18kKRWNWAWgRArVl0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">its own separate negotiations with Kinshasa in Doha</span></a> (Qatar), and emphasizes that it is not bound by anything signed in Washington. Speaking to the Congolese diaspora in Serbia, Tshisekedi insisted there would be no integration of rebel fighters into the Congolese armed forces, stating <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/02/avant-washington-tshisekedi-previent-plus-de-mixage-leur-origine-et-leur-comportement" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">that every soldier would be vetted for their origin and conduct</span></a>, a position that directly contradicts one of M23's central demands. Without sanctions against Rwanda and a national inclusive dialogue, it appears unlikely that the intended results of the Washington Accords will be felt in eastern DRC's provinces.&nbsp;</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Senior leadership in the House Foreign Affairs Committee and Senate Foreign Relations Committee weighed in on the accords signing. <a href="https://democrats-foreignaffairs.house.gov/press-releases?ID=92F28043-F664-434F-8A68-565E47882220" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">HFAC Ranking Member Meeks commented</span></a> that the “signing ceremony hosted by President Trump risks being more show than substance” and that the “administration must ensure the parties adhere to the terms of this agreement and that the Congolese people benefit from the country’s mineral resources.” The <a href="https://www.foreign.senate.gov/press/rep/release/risch-shaheen-statement-on-drc-rwanda-peace-agreement" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Chair and Ranking Member of the SFRC said</span></a> “success requires more than signatures—it requires action” and that the accords “must also end the illegal occupation of territory by the Rwanda-backed M23, whose ongoing and expanding attacks continue to destabilize the region.”</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">NGOs also shared their assessments. Some characterized the accords as an "<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7402375324845522944/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">economics-for-peace deal</span></a>."&nbsp;Congolese civil society platform <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/66ad0be8ed0f4b24dda66a3a/t/6932e0dda5d8ef3ec399f055/1764942046004/Communique%CC%81+de+presse+de+la+Coalition+Pamoja+kwa+Amani+relatif+a%CC%80+la+signature+des+accords+de+Paix+a%CC%80+Washington+DC+ce+04_12_2025+%281%29.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Pamoja kwa Amani released a statement</span></a> saying, “local communities, the primary victims of this security crisis in the East, have never been approached or listened to. The perpetrators collude and decide the fate of their victims without the slightest consideration for them.”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/12/drc-peace-deals-fail-to-end-human-rights-abuses/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Amnesty International argued</span></a> the agreements will have "no tangible impact on the lives of Congolese civilians," warning that "until diplomats impose consequences on the backers of the M23 and the Wazalendo, Congolese civilians will continue to suffer." <a href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/ceremonial-foreign-policy" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">The Council on Foreign Relations</span></a> said that by "shallowly engaging with Kinshasa and Kigali, Washington does little to promote peace and risks insulating leaders from accountability." <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/12/04/dr-congo-accord-offers-promises-but-little-more" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Human Rights Watch noted</span></a> that if the accords were "implemented with transparency and meaningful participation, it could help stabilize eastern Congo and create the foundations for a durable peace."</p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DRC NEWS ROUNDUP</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Clashes involving M23 against Congolese forces (FARDC) and their allies (Wazalendo and Burundian forces) are ongoing in several territories of South Kivu and pockets of North Kivu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 21 November, the National Assembly <a href="https://talatala.cd/panorama-des-lois/810/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">declared admissible a bill to establish compulsory military service</span></a> in the DRC. The bill is now set to be examined by the Security and Defense commission.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 23 November, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/26/kwamouth-decouverte-de-nouveaux-cadavres-pres-de-nkana-le-bilan-revu-21-civils-tues-par" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Mobondo militants killed 21 civilians</span></a> in Nkana village (Kwamouth territory, Mai-Ndombe province). FARDC intervened, clashing against the militia and killing 5 of its members.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:12px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>PAEMA AND PARTNERS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 5 December at 7:55 p.m. (Kinshasa time), PAEMA <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/drc-advocacy-cohort" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">DRC Advocacy Cohort</span></a> members Jean Chrysostome Kijana and Nene Bintu, both from the Pamoja kwa Amani coalition, will host a virtual “citizen roundtable” exploring public perspectives on the signing of recent peace agreements amid ongoing conflict in eastern DRC. The event will take place on <a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82747770218?pwd=mLsrU0pkYI9AKfylNXkuXODAIsbp1N.1" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Zoom</span></a> and will be livestreamed on <a href="http://youtube.com/channel/UCgGC4kgFoJAvrHdFvvrPZ1Q?cbrd=1" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">YouTube</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 8 December, PAEMA will convene a virtual civil society-focused discussion on responsible critical minerals investment in the DRC. Additional details and registration are available on the <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/critical-mineral-webinar" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">event page</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Ismael Tutu, <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/drc-advocacy-cohort" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">PAEMA’s DRC Advocacy Cohort member</span></a>, together with colleagues at the Carter Center, has recently published <a href="https://congominespdfstorage.blob.core.windows.net/congominespdfstorage/Carter%20Center_NRG_Financer%20le%20d%c3%a9veloppement%20durable%20en%20RDC%20par%20les%20recettes%20fiscales%20du%20secteur%20minier_VF_20251027%20-%20Copy.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a note urging the DRC to seize the boom in global demand for strategic minerals by overhauling its revenue management systems</span></a>. The analysis calls for rationalizing the mining fiscal regime, modernizing and increasing transparency in revenue collection and allocation, and strengthening citizen participation to ensure that revenues from cobalt, copper, and other critical minerals effectively support sustainable development.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:12px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>HUMAN RIGHTS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The Pamoja kwa Amani coalition reports that on the night of 23 to 24 November, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/25/actualite/securite/au-moins-12-civils-sommairement-abattus-par-le-m23-kabare-ong" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">M23 arrested and summarily executed 12 civilians</span></a> in Katana (Kabare, South Kivu), including one patient taken from a local clinic. The victims were accused of collaborating with or belonging to Wazalendo militias.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The same night, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/26/kwamouth-decouverte-de-nouveaux-cadavres-pres-de-nkana-le-bilan-revu-21-civils-tues-par" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Mobondo militants killed 21 civilians</span></a> in Nkana village (Kwamouth territory, Mai-Ndombe province). FARDC forces intervened and clashed with the group, killing 5 Mobondo members.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The New Humanitarian highlights <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/11/25/dr-congo-uvira-pro-government-militia-abuses-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">widespread abuses committed by Wazalendo militias in Uvira</span></a>, particularly arbitrary arrests, extortion, and reprisals against civilians (many Banyamulenge) suspected of supporting rival groups.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:15px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>ARMED CONFLICT</strong></h4><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><em>South Kivu</em></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Clashes continue between M23 and the FARDC–Wazalendo–FDNB (Burundian forces) coalition in <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/04/actualite/securite/situation-confuse-et-tendue-kamanyola-affrontements-fardc-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Walungu territory</span></a>. <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/03/actualite/securite/combats-entre-wazalendo-et-afc-m23-walungu-au-moins-10-civils-tues" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">At least 10 civilians were killed</span></a> in early December, with dozens more injured.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Fighting involving the same belligerents in <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/26/actualite/societe/violents-combats-m23-fardc-shabunda-au-moins-10-morts-la-population-en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Mwenga territory</span></a> resulted in at least 10 civilian deaths. FARDC and Wazalendo forces reportedly looted several villages during these clashes.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">In Shabunda territory, M23 continues its territorial expansion. After seizing its first village on 16 November (<a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/sZN4m7z3w_45pavdHHfgBMCEAiPfmZTU4Cr5JCuWvtgPVXNHG6FaFHIzrfcuHaDuw5bF9hB9gk4isn2qqQD9c4gKuBs9NEmx" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">see News Monitor #14</span></a>), the group <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/25/actualite/securite/progression-du-m23-shabunda-les-villages-kimbili-et-nyalubemba-occupes" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">took control of villages in Kimbili and Nyalumbemba (Bakisi chiefdom) on 20 November</span></a> following clashes with FARDC–Wazalendo forces.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 23 November, an<a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/24/rdc-nouvelle-altercation-armee-entre-les-fardc-et-les-wazalendo-uvira-au-moins-4-morts" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> altercation between Wazalendo militants and FARDC</span></a> in Uvira city left 4 dead and around a dozen injured.</p></li></ul><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><em>North Kivu</em></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 24 November, M23 clashed with FARDC and Wazalendo in <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/24/masisi-les-rebelles-de-lafcm23-et-les-forces-gouvernementales-saffrontent-kautu" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kautu</span></a> (Masisi). <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/24/walikale-buhimba-de-nouveau-entre-les-mains-de-larmee-et-les-wazalendo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Wazalendo also retook Buhimba</span></a> in neighboring Walikale territory the same day. On 25 November, Wazalendo successfully repelled an M23 attack in <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/26/walikale-une-attaque-des-rebelles-de-lafcm23-repoussee-mpombi" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Mpombi</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 27 November, FARDC used Sukhoi fighter jets to bomb M23 positions in <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/27/walikale-affrontements-entre-les-rebelles-de-lafcm23-et-les-wazalendo-kibati-pres-de" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kibati</span></a> (Walikale) and <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/27/les-positions-des-rebelles-de-lafcm23-kibati-walikale-et-kasopo-masisi-ciblees-par-des" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kasopo</span></a> (Masisi). Ground clashes between M23 and the FARDC–Wazalendo/APCLS coalition occurred around <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/28/masisi-deplacement-massif-de-la-population-apres-une-offensive-de-la-coalition" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Nyabiondo</span></a> (Masisi).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/02/actualite/securite/affrontements-entre-2-factions-wazalendo-katoyi" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Internal clashes between two Wazalendo factions</span></a>—Mayi Mayi Lamuka (led by Noah Maachano) and PARECO—occurred on 30 November and 1 December in Katoyi (Masisi), over territorial control.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 2 December, the governmental coalition<a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/02/walikale-les-forces-gouvernementales-appuyees-par-les-wazalendo-delogent-les-rebelles-de" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> successfully captured M23 positions in Fungura </span></a>(Walikale).</p></li></ul><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><em>Ituri</em></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Between 21–23 November, Ugandan soldiers (UPDF) <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/26/actualite/societe/lac-albert-9-neuf-miliciens-frpi-tues-par-larmee-ougandaise" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">neutralized at least nine FRPI </span></a>(Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri) militants in two separate incidents on Lake Albert (Djugu).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">The same weekend, FARDC and UPDF launched <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/26/actualite/securite/les-fardc-et-lupdf-lancent-une-offensive-contre-les-adf-mambasa-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a new offensive against Allied Democratic Forces</span></a> (ADF) militants in Mambasa and Irumu territories.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">On 2 December, UPDF killed <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/03/actualite/securite/deux-militaires-des-fardc-tues-par-des-soldats-ougandais-lors-dune" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">two FARDC soldiers</span></a> in Djugu after FARDC demanded the release of two civilians arrested by UPDF for alleged CODECO affiliation.</p></li></ul><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><em>Other</em></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">On 3 December, Congolese authorities <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/03/actualite/securite/lancement-officiel-des-operations-de-desarmement-des-miliciens-mobondo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">launched disarmament and demobilization operations targeting 5,000 former Mobondo militants</span></a> in Kinshasa.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH, HUMANITARIAN</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/25/actualite/sante/plus-de-600-cas-suspects-de-cholera-moba-la-rupture-des-intrants" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">cholera epidemic continues to spread in Moba health zone, Tanganyika province</span></a>, with 94 suspected cases reported in the third week of November. Treatment efforts are hampered by shortages of chlorine and essential medical supplies. Local health workers are calling for urgent intervention to prevent a full-scale crisis.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">MSF has launched <a href="https://prezly.msf.org.uk/drc-msf-has-launched-two-emergency-responses-in-fizi-south-kivu?utm_source=prezly.com&amp;utm_medium=campaign&amp;utm_campaign=DRC%3A%20MSF%20has%20launched%20two%20emergency%20responses%20in%20Fizi%2C%20South%20Kivu&amp;utm_id=b931eee5-cb62-4357-9920-85005036f1dc&amp;utm_content=story%20title" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">two emergency responses in Fizi territory</span></a> (South Kivu), following the departure of several humanitarian organizations due to funding cuts. The organization warns that ongoing clashes leave tens of thousands of people inaccessible. OCHA also <a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-acces-humanitaire-urgent-dans-les-hauts-plateaux-de-fizi-et-mwenga-dans-le-sud-kivu-le-24-novembre-2025" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">highlighted severe constraints</span></a> on humanitarian access in the Minembwe, Itombwe, and Fizi highlands.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DISPLACEMENT</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 23 November, customary authorities in Kakwa chiefdom, Aru territory (Ituri province) <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/23/actualite/societe/ituri-delocalisation-imminente-de-plus-de-40-000-refugies-sud-soudanais" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">announced the relocation of more than 40,000 South Sudanese refugees</span></a> who had settled along the South Sudan–DRC border. Authorities cited insecurity as the reason for moving the refugees to two sites in the Adumu and Inzi areas, which previously hosted Sudanese refugees in 1979.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 24 November, M23 ordered 2,000 households who had sought refuge in Masisi town (Masisi, North Kivu) <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/25/actualite/securite/le-m23-somme-plus-de-2-000-menages-deplaces-de-retourner-dans-leurs" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">to return to their villages</span></a>, despite ongoing clashes and the absence of guarantees for their safety.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Eight humanitarian organizations are <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/02/walikale-8-ong-alertent-sur-les-conditions-humanitaires-precaires-de-plus-de-4500" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">highlighting urgent needs for assistance for nearly 50,000 displaced persons and returnees</span></a> in the Kibua and Pinga health zones (Walikale, North Kivu).</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DOMESTIC POLITICS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The Congolese executive branch is<a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/04/accord-de-washington-sous-le-feu-des-critiques-severes-kinshasa-essaie-de-rassurer-en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> facing harsh criticism from Parliament</span></a> over its failure to ratify the Washington peace agreement through the legislative process.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 21 November, the National Assembly <a href="https://talatala.cd/panorama-des-lois/810/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">declared admissible a bill to establish compulsory military service in the DRC</span></a>. The legislation will now be examined by the Security and Defense Commission.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 1 December, the Congolese government <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/02/apres-le-pprd-les-activites-du-mouvement-sauvons-la-rdc-suspendues-par-le-gouvernement" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">officially suspended the ‘Save DRC’ opposition political platform</span></a>, which emerged following former President Kabila’s consultations in Nairobi on 14–15 October (see <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/KD33WjR_LDKS2wAB_h7w6TV6k3GdafXJ8XTLbWY0OQje_N3Uq4Nk7B2JmuCJY2GGF6fb421t0MDIJFZaUgrUfpGcn5Zt3l3I" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">News Monitor #12</span></a>).</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>BUSINESS, MINERALS &amp; INFRASTRUCTURE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">In <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/in-the-new-scramble-for-africas-resources-europe-tries-to-right-old-wrongs-railway-lobito-corridor/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">an interview with </span></a><em><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/in-the-new-scramble-for-africas-resources-europe-tries-to-right-old-wrongs-railway-lobito-corridor/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Actualite.cd</span></a></em> on the sidelines of the EU-AU summit in Luanda (Angola), European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen reiterated the EU’s support for the Lobito corridor project and broader “green electrification” initiatives in the DRC through the <a href="https://global-gateway-forum.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-and-democratic-republic-congo-solidify-cooperation-through-global-gateway-investments-and-support-2025-10-09_en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Global Gateway</span></a> program.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">A <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/in-the-new-scramble-for-africas-resources-europe-tries-to-right-old-wrongs-railway-lobito-corridor/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Politico article</span></a> and an <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/weekly-briefing/infrastructure-extraction-and-accountability-around-the-lobito-corridor-in-southern-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">IPIS briefing</span></a> provide critical perspectives on EU backing for the Lobito corridor, raising questions about extraction accountability and the broader implications of extractivism associated with the project.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>GREAT LAKES AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Rwanda and Turkey have signed a <a href="https://www.africansecurityanalysis.com/reports/rwanda-and-tuerkiye-seal-strategic-defence-manufacturing-pact" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">landmark defence-manufacturing agreement</span></a>, which includes the construction of a modern assembly and integration plant in Kigali. The facility will enable joint production of drones and small arms directly in Rwanda.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Burundian President Evariste Ndayishimiye attended the peace agreement signing in D.C. on 4 December and <a href="https://x.com/StanysBujakera/status/1996538023761363083" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">met with his Congolese counterpart the day prior</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">As clashes between M23 and Burundian forces in South Kivu <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/04/tirs-nourris-a-la-frontiere-rdc-burundi-la-population-burundaise-vit-dans-la-peur/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">approach the Burundian border</span></a>, Imbonerakure, the youth militia of Burundi’s ruling party, are reportedly blocking both DRC residents and Burundian soldiers stationed in the DRC from fleeing into Burundi.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The European Union announced on<a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/11/24/european-peace-facility-council-adopts-assistance-measures-in-support-of-the-armed-forces-of-jordan-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-chad/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> 24 November that it would disburse €10 million through its European Peace Facility (EPF) to support the FARDC</span></a> with non-lethal equipment, improve deployment conditions and medical support, and enable the conduct of surveillance patrols along river borders. This marks the second EPF assistance package for the FARDC, following a 2021 initiative supporting the 31st Rapid Reaction Brigade based in Kindu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">During a state visit to Kinshasa, the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim Ben Hamad Al Thani, and President Tshisekedi jointly announced the signing of <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/21/actualite/politique/qatar-rdc-6-accords-bilateraux-signes-kinshasa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">six bilateral agreements</span></a>. These cover (1) ports and harbors, (2) judicial cooperation, (3) mutual visa exemptions for diplomatic and special passport holders, (4) youth and sports, (5) the establishment of political consultations on issues of mutual interest between the foreign ministries, and (6) a memorandum of understanding supporting a multisectoral emergency response project in South Kivu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The European Parliament’s Petitions Committee held a hearing on a petition calling for the suspension of the February 2024 <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_24_822/IP_24_822_EN.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Memorandum of Understanding between the EU and Rwanda on critical minerals</span></a>. If deemed admissible, the petition could compel the Commission to investigate the MoU.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Bintou Keita has officially <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20251201-rdc-d%C3%A9part-anticip%C3%A9-de-bintou-keita-la-cheffe-de-la-monusco" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">concluded&nbsp; her tenure as head of MONUSCO on 30 November</span></a>, ahead of her initially planned February 2026 departure, citing personal reasons. Until 28 December, UN Resident Coordinator Bruno Lemarquis will serve as acting head of the mission, followed by Vivan van de Perre, pending the appointment of Keita’s permanent successor</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The <a href="https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/content/programme-work" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">UN Security Council will hold several meetings on DRC</span></a> in December, including discussions on the renewal of MONUSCO’s mandate on 11–12 December and a session of the DRC Sanctions Committee on 23 December.</p></li></ul>
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      <p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:center;" class="">If there is anything specifically you would like to see from this newsletter or if you have any feedback, we would love to hear from you. Please write to us at <a href="mailto:drcnews@paema.ngo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">drcnews@paema.ngo</span></a> or leave a comment through this <a href="https://forms.gle/cwxXqsJDkgpDZMZb7" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;">anonymous form</a>.</p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><em><strong>Version francophone</strong></em></h4>
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<table role="presentation" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" bgcolor="#E3E1D8" class="text-section section-content">
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:32px;padding-right:31px;padding-bottom:32px;padding-left:31px;color:#000;background-color:#e3e1d8;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><em>A la loupe<br></em><strong>Les Accords de Washington pour la paix et la prospérité : dans l’accord de paix RDC-Rwanda, les États-Unis se profilent comme le seul vrai gagnant</strong></h4><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 4 décembre, le président Donald Trump a réussi à réunir le président congolais Félix Tshisekedi et son homologue rwandais Paul Kagame pour <a href="https://www.state.gov/joint-declaration-by-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-the-republic-of-rwanda-on-the-occasion-of-establishing-the-washington-accords-for-peace-and-prosperity/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">signer officiellement</span></a> l’accord de paix du 27 juin (voir <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/azTd9LxS7N-nS-b7mkvrwtY3zQpOg4KSJmXcXBGol53k1BlNhxmkWhRy0GGh6PZUJJwqTxIocQUKEVGnJ_5Y6mnh8rcXAQ52" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Édition spéciale n°1 du News Monitor</span></a>) ainsi que le <a href="https://www.state.gov/regional-economic-integration-framework-between-the-government-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-the-government-of-the-republic-of-rwanda/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Cadre d’intégration économique régionale</span></a> (CIER) (voir <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/ym9CfA6LtscBrLLt6_ABPK__VvkzMUjobVYTjzNrw_IlpmrCCA-i_DumMWyJmDfwHyThX6CtEl-Jzhk18kKRWNWAWgRArVl0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Édition spéciale n°2 du News Monitor</span></a>) à Washington, D.C.. La <a href="https://x.com/i/broadcasts/1ynKOMAlOqXJR" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">cérémonie</span></a> s’est tenue au « Donald J. Trump Institute for Peace », anciennement désigné sous le nom de United States Institute of Peace, <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/12/04/g-s1-100576/trump-institute-of-peace-name" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">renommé le jour même</span></a>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Outre l’accord de paix et le CIER, désignés collectivement sous le terme « Accords de Washington », plusieurs instruments bilatéraux ont été conclus : <a href="https://www.state.gov/strategic-partnership-agreement-between-the-government-of-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-government-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">un accord de partenariat stratégique entre les États-Unis et la RDC</span></a>, un mémorandum d’entente relatif à un partenariat de sécurité élargi entre les gouvernements américain et congolais, ainsi qu’un cadre américano-rwandais pour la prospérité économique partagée. Il convient de noter que les contenus des deux derniers textes n’ont pas été divulgués. Au cœur de ces accords figure la protection des intérêts stratégiques américains dans les minerais critiques, à travers la restructuration des chaînes d’approvisionnement et la modernisation des infrastructures.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Bien que les présidents Tshisekedi et Kagame n’aient pas échangé de poignée de main, ce moment constitue néanmoins une victoire symbolique pour l’administration Trump et renforce l’image du président américain en tant qu’artisan de la paix. Pourtant, personne ne se fait d’illusion : la paix n’est pas acquise. Le président Tshisekedi a rappelé que la mise en œuvre du CIER resterait conditionnée au retrait des troupes rwandaises du territoire congolais, condition que Kigali subordonne, de son côté, à la neutralisation des FDLR. Sur le terrain dans l’est de la RDC, les affrontements se poursuivent, chaque camp s’accusant mutuellement de <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-rwanda-backed-rebels-accuse-each-other-sabotaging-peace-deals-2025-12-02/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">violations quasi quotidiennes du cessez-le-feu</span></a>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les défis restent nombreux. Même si Kigali et Kinshasa arrivaient à mettre en œuvre les Accords de Washington, le M23, le M23, qui n’est pas signataire, <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/ym9CfA6LtscBrLLt6_ABPK__VvkzMUjobVYTjzNrw_IlpmrCCA-i_DumMWyJmDfwHyThX6CtEl-Jzhk18kKRWNWAWgRArVl0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">poursuit ses propres négociations avec Kinshasa à Doha </span></a>(Qatar), et affirme ne pas être tenu par les engagements pris à Washington. Lors d’une rencontre avec la diaspora congolaise en Serbie, Tshisekedi a souligné qu’aucune intégration des rebelles dans l’armée congolaise n’était envisagée, chaque soldat devant faire <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/02/avant-washington-tshisekedi-previent-plus-de-mixage-leur-origine-et-leur-comportement" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">l’objet d’un contrôle sur son origine et son comportement</span></a>, ce qui va à l’encontre d’une revendication majeure du M23. Sans sanctions contre le Rwanda et sans dialogue national inclusif, il semble peu probable que les effets escomptés des Accords de Washington se fassent ressentir dans les provinces de l’est de la RDC.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Des membres éminents de la Commission des affaires étrangères de la Chambre des représentants et de celle des relations étrangères du Congrès se sont prononcés sur la signature des accords. <a href="https://democrats-foreignaffairs.house.gov/press-releases?ID=92F28043-F664-434F-8A68-565E47882220" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Gregory Meeks, chef de file de la minorité au sein de la HFAC, a souligné</span></a> que «la cérémonie organisée par le président Trump semblait davantage relever d’une mise en scène que représenter une avancée concrète». Il a également insisté sur la nécessité que «l’administration veille à ce que les parties tiennent leurs engagements et que la population congolaise profite pleinement des richesses minières de son pays». <a href="https://www.foreign.senate.gov/press/rep/release/risch-shaheen-statement-on-drc-rwanda-peace-agreement" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Les sénateurs Risch et Shaheen ont souligné que</span></a> « la réussite de ces accords ne repose pas uniquement sur des signatures, mais nécessite des mesures concrètes ». Ils ont également indiqué que les accords « devraient permettre de mettre fin à l'occupation illégale du territoire par le M23, soutenu par le Rwanda, dont les attaques persistantes contribuent à l’instabilité de la région ».</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les ONG internationales ont également livré leurs analyses. Certaines qualifient ces accords de <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7402375324845522944/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">« deal économie contre paix »</span></a>. La coalition d’organisations de la société civile <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/66ad0be8ed0f4b24dda66a3a/t/6932e0f34d8c655bb71d6176/1764942067306/Communique%CC%81+de+presse+de+la+Coalition+Pamoja+kwa+Amani+relatif+a%CC%80+la+signature+des+accords+de+Paix+a%CC%80+Washington+DC+ce+04_12_2025.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Pamoja kwa Amani a publié un communiqué</span></a> exprimant que “les communautés locales, victimes premières de cette crise sécuritaire de l’Est n’ont jamais été approchées ni écoutées. Les bourreaux se conviennent et décident sur le sort de leurs victimes sans la moindre considération envers elles.”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/12/drc-peace-deals-fail-to-end-human-rights-abuses/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Amnesty International</span></a> estime qu’ils auront « aucun impact tangible sur la vie des civils congolais », avertissant que « tant que les diplomates n’imposeront pas de conséquences aux soutiens du M23 et des Wazalendo, les civils continueront à souffrir ». Le <em><a href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/ceremonial-foreign-policy" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Council on Foreign Relations</span></a></em> souligne que, par son « engagement superficiel avec Kinshasa et Kigali, Washington fait peu pour promouvoir la paix et risque de mettre les dirigeants à l’abri de toute responsabilité ». <em><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/12/04/dr-congo-accord-offers-promises-but-little-more" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Human Rights Watch</span></a></em> note que si les accords étaient «  appliqués de façon transparente et inclusive, ils pourraient contribuer à stabiliser l’est du Congo et poser les bases d’une paix durable ».</p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>EN BREF</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les affrontements impliquant le M23 contre les FARDC et leurs alliés (Wazalendo et forces burundaises) se poursuivent dans plusieurs territoires du Sud-Kivu et dans certaines zones du Nord-Kivu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 21 novembre, l’Assemblée nationale a déclaré <a href="https://talatala.cd/panorama-des-lois/810/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">recevable un projet de loi visant à instaurer le service militaire obligatoire</span></a> en RDC. Le texte sera désormais examiné par la commission Défense et Sécurité.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;" class="">Le 23 novembre, des <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/26/kwamouth-decouverte-de-nouveaux-cadavres-pres-de-nkana-le-bilan-revu-21-civils-tues-par" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">militants Mobondo ont tué 21 civils</span></a> dans le village de Nkana (territoire de Kwamouth, province de Mai-Ndombe). Les FARDC sont intervenues et ont affronté la milice, tuant 5 de ses membres.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>PAEMA ET PARTENAIRES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 5 décembre à 19h55 (heure de Kinshasa), les membres de la <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/drc-advocacy-cohort" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Cohorte de Plaidoyer RDC de PAEMA</span></a>, Jean Chrysostome Kijana et Nene Bintu, tous deux issus de la coalition Pamoja kwa Amani, animeront une « table ronde citoyenne » virtuelle pour explorer les perspectives du public sur la signature des récents accords de paix dans un contexte de conflit toujours présent dans l’est de la RDC. L’événement aura lieu sur <a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82747770218?pwd=mLsrU0pkYI9AKfylNXkuXODAIsbp1N.1" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Zoom</span></a> et sera retransmis en direct sur <a href="http://youtube.com/channel/UCgGC4kgFoJAvrHdFvvrPZ1Q?cbrd=1" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">YouTube</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 8 décembre, PAEMA organisera une conférence virtuelle centrée sur la société civile, portant sur l’investissement responsable dans les minerais critiques en RDC. Retrouvez sur <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/critical-mineral-webinar" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">cette page</span></a> les informations détaillées ainsi que les modalités d’inscription à l’événement.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Ismael Tutu, membre de la <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/drc-advocacy-cohort" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Cohorte de Plaidoyer RDC de PAEMA</span></a>, en collaboration avec des experts du Carter Center, a récemment publié <a href="https://congominespdfstorage.blob.core.windows.net/congominespdfstorage/Carter%20Center_NRG_Financer%20le%20d%c3%a9veloppement%20durable%20en%20RDC%20par%20les%20recettes%20fiscales%20du%20secteur%20minier_VF_20251027%20-%20Copy.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">une note soulignant l’importance pour la RDC de capitaliser sur la demande internationale croissante en minerais stratégiques via la réforme de ses systèmes de gestion des revenus</span></a>. L’analyse préconise d’optimiser le régime fiscal minier, de moderniser et d’accroître la transparence dans les processus de recouvrement et d’allocation des recettes, ainsi que de renforcer la participation citoyenne, afin de garantir que les ressources issues du cobalt, du cuivre et d’autres minerais essentiels contribuent réellement au développement durable.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DROITS HUMAINS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">La coalition Pamoja kwa Amani rapporte que dans la nuit du 23 au 24 novembre, le <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/25/actualite/securite/au-moins-12-civils-sommairement-abattus-par-le-m23-kabare-ong" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">M23 a arrêté et exécuté sommairement 12 civils à Katana</span></a> (Kabare, Sud-Kivu), dont un patient d’une clinique locale, accusés de collaboration avec les milices Wazalendo.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">La même nuit, des <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/26/kwamouth-decouverte-de-nouveaux-cadavres-pres-de-nkana-le-bilan-revu-21-civils-tues-par" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">militants Mobondo ont tué 21 civils</span></a> à Nkana (Territoire de Kwamouth, Mai-Ndombe). Les FARDC sont intervenues et ont tué 5 membres de la milice.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><em>The New Humanitarian</em> signale de <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/11/25/dr-congo-uvira-pro-government-militia-abuses-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">nombreuses violations commises par les milices Wazalendo à Uvira</span></a>, notamment des arrestations arbitraires, extorsions et représailles contre les civils, notamment Banyamulenge.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>CONFLITS ARMÉS</strong></h4><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><em>Sud-Kivu</em></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les affrontements se poursuivent entre le M23 et la coalition FARDC–Wazalendo–FDNB (Armée Burundaise) dans le <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/04/actualite/securite/situation-confuse-et-tendue-kamanyola-affrontements-fardc-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">territoire de Walungu</span></a>. Au moins <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/03/actualite/securite/combats-entre-wazalendo-et-afc-m23-walungu-au-moins-10-civils-tues" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">10 civils ont été tués</span></a> depuis le début du mois de décembre, et des dizaines blessés.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Dans le <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/03/actualite/securite/combats-entre-wazalendo-et-afc-m23-walungu-au-moins-10-civils-tues" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">territoire de Mwenga</span></a>, les combats ont fait au moins 10 morts civils et plusieurs villages auraient été pillés par les forces FARDC et Wazalendo.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le M23 continue son expansion territoriale à Shabunda après avoir pris contrôle d’un premier village dans le territoire le 16 novembre (voir <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/sZN4m7z3w_45pavdHHfgBMCEAiPfmZTU4Cr5JCuWvtgPVXNHG6FaFHIzrfcuHaDuw5bF9hB9gk4isn2qqQD9c4gKuBs9NEmx" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">News Monitor n°14</span></a>), prenant plusieurs villages <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/25/actualite/securite/progression-du-m23-shabunda-les-villages-kimbili-et-nyalubemba-occupes" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">dans la chefferie de Bakisi le 20 novembre</span></a> après des affrontements avec les FARDC et Wazalendo.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 23 novembre, une <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/24/rdc-nouvelle-altercation-armee-entre-les-fardc-et-les-wazalendo-uvira-au-moins-4-morts" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">altercation entre les FARDC et leurs alliés Wazalendo</span></a> a fait 4 morts et une dizaine de blessés.</p></li></ul><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><em>Nord-Kivu</em></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 24 novembre, le M23 a affronté les FARDC et Wazalendo à <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/24/masisi-les-rebelles-de-lafcm23-et-les-forces-gouvernementales-saffrontent-kautu" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kautu</span></a> (Masisi). Les <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/24/walikale-buhimba-de-nouveau-entre-les-mains-de-larmee-et-les-wazalendo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Wazalendo ont repris Buhimba</span></a> (Walikale) le même jour. Dans ce même territoire de Walikale, les Wazalendo ont repoussé une attaque du M23 à <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/26/walikale-une-attaque-des-rebelles-de-lafcm23-repoussee-mpombi" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Mpombi</span></a> le 25 novembre.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 27 novembre, les Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo (FARDC) ont eu recours à des avions Sukhoi afin de cibler, par des frappes aériennes, des positions tenues par le M23 à <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/27/walikale-affrontements-entre-les-rebelles-de-lafcm23-et-les-wazalendo-kibati-pres-de" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kibati</span></a> (Walikale) et <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/27/les-positions-des-rebelles-de-lafcm23-kibati-walikale-et-kasopo-masisi-ciblees-par-des" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kasopo</span></a> (Masisi). Par ailleurs, des affrontements terrestres entre le M23 et la coalition FARDC–Wazalendo/APCLS se sont produits dans les environs de <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/11/28/masisi-deplacement-massif-de-la-population-apres-une-offensive-de-la-coalition" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Nyabiondo</span></a> (Masisi).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Des <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/02/actualite/securite/affrontements-entre-2-factions-wazalendo-katoyi" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">affrontements entre deux factions Wazalendo</span></a>, Mayi Mayi Lamuka (dirigée par Noah Maachano) et PARECO, ont eu lieu les 30 novembre et 1er décembre à Katoyi (Territoire de Masisi), pour le contrôle territorial.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 2 décembre, la coalition gouvernementale a pris le contrôle de positions du M23 situées à <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/02/walikale-les-forces-gouvernementales-appuyees-par-les-wazalendo-delogent-les-rebelles-de" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Fungura</span></a> (Walikale).</p></li></ul><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><em>Ituri</em></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Entre le 21 et le 23 novembre, les soldats de l'UPDF (Forces Ougandaises) ont <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/26/actualite/societe/lac-albert-9-neuf-miliciens-frpi-tues-par-larmee-ougandaise" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">neutralisé au moins neuf membres présumés du groupe FRPI</span></a> (Force de résistance patriotique de l’Ituri) lors de deux opérations sur le lac Albert (Djugu).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Au cours du même week-end, une <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/26/actualite/securite/les-fardc-et-lupdf-lancent-une-offensive-contre-les-adf-mambasa-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">nouvelle offensive conjointe des FARDC et de l’UPDF a été lancée contre des éléments affiliés aux ADF</span></a><em> (Allied Democratic Forces, </em>Forces démocratiques alliées) dans les territoires de Mambasa et Irumu</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 2 décembre à Djugu, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/03/actualite/securite/deux-militaires-des-fardc-tues-par-des-soldats-ougandais-lors-dune" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">des éléments de l’UPDF ont abattu deux soldats des FARDC</span></a> après que ces derniers eurent exigé la libération de deux civils détenus par l’UPDF pour soupçon d’affiliation au groupe CODECO.</p></li></ul><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><em>Autre</em></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 3 décembre, les autorités congolaises ont <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/03/actualite/securite/lancement-officiel-des-operations-de-desarmement-des-miliciens-mobondo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">lancé des opérations de désarmement et de démobilisation visant 5 000 anciens militants Mobondo</span></a> à Kinshasa.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DÉVELOPPEMENT, SANTÉ, HUMANITAIRE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">L’épidémie de <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/25/actualite/sante/plus-de-600-cas-suspects-de-cholera-moba-la-rupture-des-intrants" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">choléra poursuit sa progression dans la zone de santé de Moba, province du Tanganyika</span></a>, avec 94 cas suspects rapportés au cours de la troisième semaine de novembre. Les mesures de prise en charge sont limitées par des pénuries de chlore et d’autres fournitures médicales essentielles. Les professionnels de santé locaux sollicitent une intervention rapide afin de prévenir une crise sanitaire majeure.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">En raison du retrait de plusieurs organisations humanitaires lié à des réductions budgétaires, <a href="https://prezly.msf.org.uk/drc-msf-has-launched-two-emergency-responses-in-fizi-south-kivu?utm_source=prezly.com&amp;utm_medium=campaign&amp;utm_campaign=DRC%3A%20MSF%20has%20launched%20two%20emergency%20responses%20in%20Fizi%2C%20South%20Kivu&amp;utm_id=b931eee5-cb62-4357-9920-85005036f1dc&amp;utm_content=story%20title" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">MSF a déployé deux intrventions d’urgence dans la région de Fizi</span></a> (Sud-Kivu). L’organisation signale que les affrontements actuels rendent l’accès à des dizaines de milliers de personnes impossible. OCHA souligne de même <a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-acces-humanitaire-urgent-dans-les-hauts-plateaux-de-fizi-et-mwenga-dans-le-sud-kivu-le-24-novembre-2025" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">d’importantes difficultés d’accès</span></a> dans les hauts plateaux de Minembwe, Itombwe et Fizi.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:12px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DÉPLACEMENTS FORCÉS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 23 novembre, les autorités coutumières du chef-lieu de Kakwa, dans le territoire d’Aru (Ituri), ont <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/23/actualite/societe/ituri-delocalisation-imminente-de-plus-de-40-000-refugies-sud-soudanais" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">annoncé la relocalisation de plus de 40 000 réfugiés sud-soudanais</span></a> installés le long de la frontière entre le Soudan du Sud et la RDC. Cette décision, motivée par des préoccupations liées à l’insécurité, vise à relocaliser les réfugiés vers deux sites situés dans les zones d’Adumu et d’Inzi, qui avaient déjà accueilli des réfugiés de la région en 1979.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 24 novembre, le M23 a exigé que 2 000 ménages ayant trouvé refuge dans la ville de Masisi (Nord-Kivu) <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/25/actualite/securite/le-m23-somme-plus-de-2-000-menages-deplaces-de-retourner-dans-leurs" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">retournent dans leurs villages d'origine</span></a>, malgré la poursuite des hostilités et l'absence de garanties concernant leur sécurité.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Huit organisations humanitaires soulignent <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/02/walikale-8-ong-alertent-sur-les-conditions-humanitaires-precaires-de-plus-de-4500" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">des besoins urgents d’assistance pour près de 50 000 personnes déplacées et rapatriées</span></a> dans les zones de santé de Kibua et Pinga (Walikale, Nord-Kivu).</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>POLITIQUE INTÉRIEURE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">L’exécutif congolais fait l’objet de <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/04/accord-de-washington-sous-le-feu-des-critiques-severes-kinshasa-essaie-de-rassurer-en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">vives critiques de la part du Parlement</span></a> en raison de son incapacité à faire ratifier l’accord de paix de Washington par le processus législatif.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 21 novembre, l’Assemblée nationale<a href="https://talatala.cd/panorama-des-lois/810/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> a déclaré recevable un projet de loi visant à instaurer le service militaire obligatoire en RDC</span></a>. Le texte sera désormais examiné par la Commission Défense et Sécurité.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 1er décembre, le gouvernement congolais a <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/02/apres-le-pprd-les-activites-du-mouvement-sauvons-la-rdc-suspendues-par-le-gouvernement" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">officiellement suspendu la plateforme politique d’opposition “Sauvons la RDC”,</span></a> qui avait émergé suite aux consultations de l’ancien président Kabila à Nairobi les 14 et 15 octobre (voir <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/KD33WjR_LDKS2wAB_h7w6TV6k3GdafXJ8XTLbWY0OQje_N3Uq4Nk7B2JmuCJY2GGF6fb421t0MDIJFZaUgrUfpGcn5Zt3l3I" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">News Monitor n°12</span></a>).</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:12px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>ENTREPRISES, MINERAIS, INFRASTRUCTURES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Dans <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/in-the-new-scramble-for-africas-resources-europe-tries-to-right-old-wrongs-railway-lobito-corridor/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">une interview accordée à Actualite.cd</span></a> en marge du sommet UE-UA à Luanda (Angola), la présidente de la Commission européenne, Ursula von der Leyen, a réitéré le soutien de l’UE au projet du corridor de Lobito ainsi qu’aux initiatives plus larges d’« électrification verte » en RDC, dans le cadre du programme <a href="https://global-gateway-forum.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-and-democratic-republic-congo-solidify-cooperation-through-global-gateway-investments-and-support-2025-10-09_en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Global Gateway</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Un <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/in-the-new-scramble-for-africas-resources-europe-tries-to-right-old-wrongs-railway-lobito-corridor/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">article de Politico </span></a>et une <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/weekly-briefing/infrastructure-extraction-and-accountability-around-the-lobito-corridor-in-southern-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">note de l’IPIS</span></a> offrent des analyses critiques sur le soutien européen au corridor de Lobito, soulevant des questions sur la responsabilité dans l’exploitation et les implications plus larges de l’extractivisme associé au projet.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:32px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#faf9f4;background-color:#313131;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>GRANDS LACS ET DYNAMIQUES RÉGIONALES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le Rwanda et la Turquie ont conclu un <a href="https://www.africansecurityanalysis.com/reports/rwanda-and-tuerkiye-seal-strategic-defence-manufacturing-pact" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">accord majeur concernant la production de matériel de défense</span></a>, qui prévoit la création à Kigali d'une usine moderne dédiée à l’assemblage et à l’intégration. Ce site permettra aux deux pays de fabriquer ensemble des drones et des armes légères directement sur le sol rwandais.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Le président burundais Evariste Ndayishimiye a assisté à la signature de l’accord de paix à Washington le 4 décembre <a href="https://x.com/StanysBujakera/status/1996538023761363083" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">après avoir rencontré le président congolais la veille</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Alors que les combats entre le M23 et les forces burundaises au Sud-Kivu <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/04/tirs-nourris-a-la-frontiere-rdc-burundi-la-population-burundaise-vit-dans-la-peur/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">se rapprochent de la frontière avec le Burundi</span></a>, les Imbonerakure, la milice de jeunesse du parti au pouvoir au Burundi, bloquerait à la fois les habitants congolais et les soldats burundais présents en RDC qui cherchent à traverser la frontière pour se réfugier au Burundi.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:12px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:32px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DIPLOMATIE INTERNATIONALE ET AMÉRICAINE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 24 novembre, <a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/11/24/european-peace-facility-council-adopts-assistance-measures-in-support-of-the-armed-forces-of-jordan-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-chad/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">l’Union européenne a annoncé qu’elle octroierait 10 millions d’euros de soutien aux FARDC</span></a> par l’intermédiaire de son Fonds européen pour la paix (EPF), afin de fournir du matériel non létal, d’améliorer les conditions de déploiement et le soutien médical, ainsi que de faciliter les patrouilles de surveillance le long des frontières fluviales. Ce soutien représente le deuxième lot d’aide apporté par l’EPF aux FARDC, faisant suite à une première initiative en 2021 ayant bénéficié à la 31e Brigade de réaction rapide basée à Kindu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Lors de sa visite officielle à Kinshasa, l'émir du Qatar, Sheikh Tamim Ben Hamad Al Thani, et le président Tshisekedi ont annoncé conjointement la signature <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/21/actualite/politique/qatar-rdc-6-accords-bilateraux-signes-kinshasa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">de six accords bilatéraux</span></a> portant sur:  (1) les ports et infrastructures portuaires, (2) la coopération judiciaire, (3) les exemptions mutuelles de visa pour les titulaires de passeports diplomatiques et spéciaux, (4) les initiatives pour la jeunesse et le sport, (5) l'organisation de consultations politiques entre ministères des affaires étrangères sur des sujets d’intérêt commun, et (6) un mémorandum d’entente soutenant un projet d’intervention d’urgence multisectoriel au Sud-Kivu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">La Commission des pétitions du Parlement européen&nbsp;<a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/11/21/actualite/politique/qatar-rdc-6-accords-bilateraux-signes-kinshasa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a tenu une audition relative à une pétition sollicitant la suspension du Mémorandum d’entente signé en février 2024 entre l’Union européenne et le</span></a> Rwanda concernant les minerais critiques. Si jugée recevable, cette pétition pourrait contraindre la Commission à enquêter sur ce protocole d’entente.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Bintou Keita a <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20251201-rdc-d%C3%A9part-anticip%C3%A9-de-bintou-keita-la-cheffe-de-la-monusco" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">officiellement conclu son mandat à la tête de la MONUSCO le 30 novembre</span></a>, avant son départ initialement prévu en février 2026, invoquant des raisons personnelles. Jusqu’au 28 décembre, le Coordonnateur résident de l’ONU, Bruno Lemarquis, assurera l’intérim à la tête de la mission, suivi de Vivan van de Perre, en attendant la nomination du successeur permanent de Keita.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le <a href="https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/content/programme-work" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies organisera plusieurs réunions concernant la RDC au mois de décembre</span></a>, dont l’examen du renouvellement du mandat de la MONUSCO les 11 et 12 décembre, ainsi qu’une session du Comité des sanctions dédiée à la RDC le 23 décembre.</p></li></ul>
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