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  <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/18/actualite/securite/uvira-incertitudes-autour-du-retrait-annonce-de-lafc-m23" style="color:#51945e !important;"><img class="section-scaleable-image" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/66ad0be8ed0f4b24dda66a3a/ffd9ef84-610f-47d7-b7ed-191b5f741cf9/bitmap_1200_nocrop_1_1_20230306222258771217_image1170x530cropped.jpg?content-type=image%2Fjpeg&amp;format=750w" width="594" alt="" style="font-size:.8854166666666667em;display:block;border:0;text-decoration:none;line-height:0;background-color:transparent;font-weight:normal;height:auto;width:100%;max-width:100%;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></a>


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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>News Monitor #16<br>19 December 2025</strong></h4><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:center;" class=""><em>Le bulletin dans son intégralité en français est disponible sous la version anglaise.</em></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""> </p>
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      <p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:right;" class=""><em><strong>The News Monitor is taking a holiday break and will be back on 8 January. // Le News Monitor sera absent pendant les fêtes de fin d’année et et reviendra le 8 janvier. </strong> </em></p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DRC NEWS ROUNDUP</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 19 December in New York, <a href="https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1g/k1g7eevow4" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Security Council members unanimously voted on the renewal of MONUSCO</span></a> for a year (more information on the negotiations is available through the <a href="https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2025/12/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-vote-on-monusco-mandate-renewal-3.php" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Security Council Report</span></a>). The U.S. representative stated that the negotiations had been disrupted by ‘<a href="https://usun.usmission.gov/explanation-of-vote-following-the-adoption-of-a-un-security-council-resolution-renewing-the-mandate-of-monusco-2/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Rwandan and M23 efforts to sabotage a viable peace process</span></a>’ and called M23’s commitment to withdraw from Uvira ‘not sufficient’, instead asking the group to withdraw at least 75 kilometers from the city.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Though much of the international attention has understandably been directed at the developments in South Kivu (see below), clashes between M23 on one side and FARDC-Wazalendo on the other are ongoing in North Kivu, especially in <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/08/actualite/securite/les-fardc-bombardent-par-drones-les-positions-du-m23-masisi-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Masisi territory</span></a> where pro-Kinshasa forces are making use of drones to carry out <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/15/masisi-nouveau-bombardement-aerien-des-fardc-sur-les-positions-des-rebelles-de-lafcm23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">airstrikes</span></a> and <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/13/nord-kivu-retour-au-calme-minjenje-et-malemo-apres-des-affrontements-entre-lafcm23-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">neighboring Walikale</span></a> where Wazalendo are trying to dislodge M23 from their positions.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni is attempting to <a href="https://7sur7.cd/2025/12/19/crise-du-m23-des-chefs-detat-de-la-sous-region-en-sommet-ce-dimanche-kampala" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">gather the Great Lakes Heads of State in Kampala on 21 December</span></a> in an attempt to deescalate the situation.</p></li></ul>
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<table role="presentation" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" bgcolor="#E3E1D8" class="text-section section-content">
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:32px;padding-right:31px;padding-bottom:32px;padding-left:31px;color:#000;background-color:#e3e1d8;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>SPECIAL FOCUS</strong><em><br></em><strong> </strong>THE CAPTURE OF UVIRA AND ITS FALLOUT</h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 9th December, M23 circled Uvira, and at the request of local dignitaries, <a href="https://afrique.lalibre.be/79895/uvira-tombee-les-rebelles-annoncent-mettre-le-cap-sur-le-katanga/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">negotiated the surrender and withdrawal of Congolese and Burundian troops</span></a>, before officially entering the city on 10th December.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">As soon as M23 entered Uvira, they committed grave abuses, including summary executions of civilians and suspected Wazalendo fighters as per <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/12/15/dr-congo-fall-of-eastern-city-puts-civilians-at-risk" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">testimonies collected by Human Rights Watch</span></a>. Congolese soldiers and Wazalendo fighters also harassed civilians and looted as they retreated from the city, and killed a Banyamulenge Lieutenant in the Congolese army.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On December 15th, AFC/M23 shared a <a href="https://x.com/CNangaa/status/2000724685017764309?s=20" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">statement</span></a> saying it would ‘unilaterally withdraw its forces from the city of Uvira as per the United States mediation’s request’. On 17 December, M23 said they had started withdrawing and shared some videos of their soldiers leaving the city. However, sources on the ground report that this was little more than a <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/18/actualite/securite/uvira-incertitudes-autour-du-retrait-annonce-de-lafc-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">smokescreen</span></a> and that M23 threatened and forced residents <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/18/rdc-retrait-surprise-de-lafc-m23-duvira-kinshasa-crie-a-la-manoeuvre-et-exige-des-preuves/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">to protest to show their support to the group</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Since Uvira has been seized, clashes between M23 and FARDC have been reported in <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/18/actualite/securite/uvira-incertitudes-autour-du-retrait-annonce-de-lafc-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">several villages in Fizi territory</span></a>, less than 30 kilometers south of Uvira. Burundian soldiers using small boats are <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/17/panique-a-rumonge-des-soldats-burundais-coinces-par-la-progression-de-lafc-m23-se-replient-massivement/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">fleeing en masse to Rumonge</span></a>, in southeastern Burundi.&nbsp;</p></li></ul><h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;">&nbsp; HEAVY HUMANITARIAN CASUALTIES</h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Between 2 and 9 December, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/10/actualite/securite/combats-fardc-m23-au-sud-kivu-au-moins-74-civils-tues-et-83-blesses-en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">at least 74 civilians were killed</span></a> (and dozens more injured) in clashes between M23 and FARDC supported by Wazalendo in South Kivu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">An <a href="https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/news-stories/news/unprecedented-influx-eu-responds-burundi-dr-congo-border-crisis-2025-12-16_en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">estimated 500,000 people</span></a> were internally displaced by the recent escalation,&nbsp; with <a href="https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/statement-unicef-children-displaced-escalating-violence-eastern-drc" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">children accounting for over 100,000 of those displaced</span></a> in South Kivu alone. UNHCR launched a <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/media/unhcr-drc-emergency-appeal-december-2025-march-2026" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">four-month emergency appeal</span></a> covering December 2025 through March 2026, under which it requested US$47.2 million to support the response to IDPs in eastern DRC as well as in Burundi and Rwanda.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">To this figure must be added the almost <a href="https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/120210" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">80,000 people</span></a> (including 8,000 Burundians) who crossed from South Kivu into Burundi between 6 and 15 December. With the border closed between Burundi and DRC, civilians are also <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuHXPqUpF7s" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">fleeing from Uvira to Burundi by boat</span></a>&nbsp;(sometimes with <a href="https://x.com/michombero/status/1999881801867657484" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;">significant fatalities</a>).&nbsp;&nbsp;</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The border closure has also had a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rIIn8ejhKE" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">significant economic impact to businesses in Bujumbura</span></a> that rely on customers using this regional trading route.&nbsp;</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">By December 18th, at least <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/19/actualite/sante/cholera-et-malnutrition-au-moins-40-refugies-congolais-meurent-en-10" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">40 Congolese refugees had died of cholera and malnutrition</span></a> in Gatumba camp in Burundi. In the same camp, <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/19/gatumba-crise-humanitaire-et-violences-policieres-au-centre-de-transit-des-refugies-congolais/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">police beat up and detained the refugees</span></a> who refused to leave to other camps, injuring several and killing one. The newly-arrived Congolese refugees in Burundi are also <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/15/photo-de-la-semaine-rumonge-des-refugies-congolais-interdits-de-louer-des-maisons-hors-du-site-daccueil/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">not allowed to rent houses</span></a> and are instead confined to the camps.</p></li></ul><h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;">&nbsp; DIPLOMATIC PRESSURE MOUNTS ON RWANDA</h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The capture of Uvira by M23 sparked strong reactions from international partners, especially the U.S., who feels ‘betrayed’ by Rwanda, days <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/voH3cLq5h8ZZPslmjxbgbRuW7-gvYmtACRcyVYxd7mXhY7dMEjJ97OdNx4uBJYx3_PH6wkz8iHGyjv4IvUbuIQd-MHhPiCLt" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">after the signing of the Washington Accords</span></a>. The latest report of the United Nations Group of Experts on DRC (which has not yet been published) states that <a href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1747233/politique/des-experts-de-lonu-accusent-larmee-rwandaise-de-graves-exactions-dans-lest-de-la-rdc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">at least 6,000 to 7,000 Rwanda Defence Forces (RDF) elements</span></a> are still deployed in North and South Kivu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 12th December, the United Nations Security Council <a href="https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k12/k128ujpf65" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">held a meeting on the situation in the DRC</span></a>, during which U.S. Ambassador to the UN Mike Waltz&nbsp; admonished Rwanda, accusing it of ‘leading the region towards increased instability and war’ and warning that the U.S. will ‘<a href="https://usun.usmission.gov/remarks-at-a-un-security-council-briefing-on-the-situation-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-2/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">use the tools at [its] disposal to hold to account spoilers to peace</span></a>’.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 16th December 2025, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau met with DRC Foreign Minister Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner in Washington, D.C. The Deputy Secretary conveyed that the United States is ‘<a href="https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/12/deputy-secretary-landaus-meeting-with-drc-foreign-minister-kayikwamba-wagner/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">prepared to take action</span></a>’ to enforce full adherence to the Washington Accords.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">These statements, combined with others, make it clear that the U.S. are now willing to take punitive action against Rwanda to ensure adherence to the Washington Accords.</p></li></ul><h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;">&nbsp; ON OUR RADAR: BURUNDI, M23 &amp; RWANDA&nbsp;</h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The recent weeks have marked a worrying escalation between Rwanda and Burundi. Important <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/12/burundi-rwanda-montee-des-tensions-militaires-a-la-frontiere-la-population-de-butanyerera-vit-dans-la-peur/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">reinforcements of Burundian troops were seen at the Burundi/Rwanda border</span></a>, with a similar deployment on the Rwandan side. Burundian Ambassador to the U.N. Zephyrin Maniratanga warned during the 12 December Security Council meeting that ‘<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/us-accuses-rwanda-un-leading-region-toward-war-2025-12-12/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">it would become extremely difficult to avoid a direct escalation</span></a>’ between Burundi and Rwanda if the latter did not ‘cease its attacks’.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On the other hand, M23 seems to be trying to appease tensions with Gitega. M23 Deputy Commander Bernard Maheshe Byamungu <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20251211-est-rdc-le-groupe-afc-m23-consolide-sa-pr%C3%A9sence-dans-la-ville-d-uvira-col%C3%A8re-%C3%A0-kinshasa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">called on Burundian troops still remaining in Uvira on 10th December to surrender</span></a>, and promised they would be brought back to the border safely (though when a delegation of high-ranking Burundian officials traveled to Luvungi to <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/11/burundi-rdc-gitega-forcee-de-quemander-la-restitution-de-ses-militaires-et-un-passage-humanitaire/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">request the handover of captured soldiers and negotiate a safe corridor for Burundian solders to return to Burundi</span></a>, M23 said they would respond positively to the demands only on condition that FDNB cease its military operations in DRC and withdraw all its troops).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">In their <a href="https://x.com/CNangaa/status/2000724685017764309?s=20" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">statement</span></a> saying they would withdraw from Uvira, M23 also said that ‘concerning armed groups hostile to the Government of Burundi that remains active in the DRC, M23 (...) not allow such groups to use liberated areas as rear bases for any hostile acts likely to undermine good-neighborly relations between our two countries’. This statement is at odds with the current alliance between M23 and RED-Tabara, a Burundian rebel group operating from South Kivu and which has entered the AFC coalition.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">These developments raise concerns about a further fragmentation of conflict in the South Kivu <em>plateaux</em>, where old alliances would become foes; as well as possible diverging interests between M23 and Kigali, wherein the former is looking to appease tensions with Burundi whilst Rwanda is seemingly ready for a full-out confrontation.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>HUMAN RIGHTS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 11 December, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/11/actualite/securite/une-attaque-des-adf-fait-4-morts-irumu" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebels killed 4 civilians in Irumu territory</span></a> (Ituri province), the fourth such attack in a week.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 16 December, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/18/walikale-15-personnes-prises-en-otage-par-les-wazalendo-misinga-pour-presumee-complicite" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Wazalendo militants abducted 15 civilians</span></a> they accused of complicity with M23 at the Mumba artisanal gold mining site.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">On 15 December, the Paris <em>cour d’assises </em>(criminal court) <a href="https://cfj.org/news/landmark-verdict-of-former-congolese-minister-ends-decades-of-impunity/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">convicted former Congolese Minister and warlord Roger Lumbala</span></a> and sentenced him to 30 years in prison on charges of complicity in crimes against humanity committed during the Second Congo War (see <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/sZN4m7z3w_45pavdHHfgBMCEAiPfmZTU4Cr5JCuWvtgPVXNHG6FaFHIzrfcuHaDuw5bF9hB9gk4isn2qqQD9c4gKuBs9NEmx" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">News Monitor #14</span></a>). The court was trying Lumbala under the principles of universal jurisdiction.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:15px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>ARMED CONFLICT</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 16 December, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/16/actualite/securite/violents-combats-entre-fdlr-et-mai-mai-kifuafua-walikale-au-moins-4" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">FDLR (</span></a><em><a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/16/actualite/securite/violents-combats-entre-fdlr-et-mai-mai-kifuafua-walikale-au-moins-4" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda) </span></a></em><a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/16/actualite/securite/violents-combats-entre-fdlr-et-mai-mai-kifuafua-walikale-au-moins-4" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">combatants clashed against Mai-Mayi Kifuafua</span></a> affiliated with Wazalendo in Waloa Loanda groupement (Walikale territory, North Kivu) following tension over a land deed. FDLR burned down civilian houses. <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/16/walikale-le-bilan-de-lattaque-de-tuonane-salourdit-10-morts-apres-les-affrontements" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">10 people were killed</span></a>, including six FDLR, two Wazalendo and two civilians. Following the clashes, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/17/walikale-panique-busurungi-ce-mercredi-soir-lannonce-de-larrivee-des-renforts-des-fdlr" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">FDLR reinforcements arrived from South Kivu</span></a>, prompting further panic within the population.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 5-6 December, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/07/actualite/securite/sept-miliciens-de-la-crp-tues-dans-des-combats-contre-les-fardc-djugu" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">FARDC clashed against CRP militants</span></a> (<em>Convention for a People’s Revolution)</em> in Djugu (Ituri), killing 7 rebels and wounding ‘many more’.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">FARDC clashed against Mobondo militants in <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/17/kinshasa-au-moins-deux-morts-apres-affrontements-entre-les-mobondo-et-des-habitants-de" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Maluku</span></a> (Kinshasa) on 16th December and in <a href="https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/12/19/kwamouth-quatre-miliciens-mobondo-tues-et-un-capture-apres-des-affrontements-avec-larmee" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kwamouth territory</span></a> (Mai-Ndombe) on 19th December, for a sum of at least six fatalities.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Authorities in Kinshasa have decided to create a <a href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1750414/politique/est-de-la-rdc-incontournables-les-wazalendo-sont-ils-aussi-incontrolables/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">‘national executive directory’ of Wazalendo militias</span></a>, in order to better ‘supervise, coordinate and unify’ the militias. It remains to be seen how effective the mechanism will be.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH, HUMANITARIAN</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 12 December, Médecins sans Frontières announced that due to the intensification of clashes, it had to <a href="https://www.msf.org/fr/rdcongo/msf%C2%A0se-retire-de%C2%A0baraka" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">withdraw from Baraka</span></a> (Fizi, South Kivu), where it had been carrying out an emergency operation against malaria since August.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">In Kamanyola (Walungu, South Kivu), La Prunelle reports a <a href="https://laprunellerdc.cd/kamanyola-situation-humanitaire-precaire/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">worrying increase in contagious diseases</span></a>, particularly among patients who fled health facilities without completing their treatment and who are now spreading diseases such as mpox.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The latest IPC Acute Food Security and Malnutrition Snapshot reveals that <a href="https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1159809/?iso3=COD" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">over 4 million children in the DRC are suffering or expected to suffer acute malnutrition</span></a> in the coming months.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:22px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DISPLACEMENT</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On the night of December 12th to December 13th, a motorized canoe with more than 300 civilians on board, who were fleeing to Burundi after the capture of Uvira, <a href="https://x.com/michombero/status/1999881801867657484" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">capsized on Lake Tanganyika</span></a>. More than 20 bodies have been recovered, with a likely much higher fatality count.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Médecins Sans Frontières on 9 December announced it deployed an emergency operation in Bunyakiri (Kalehe, Sud-Kivu) to support more<a href="https://www.msf.org/fr/rdcongo/sud-kivu-msf-d%C3%A9ploie-une-intervention-d%E2%80%99urgence-pour-les-populations-en-d%C3%A9tresse-%C3%A0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> than 180,000 people</span></a> displaced by conflict between M23 and pro-government forces. Days later, the NGO announced that due to the closure of RN3, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DSK5UdnAhUR/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">it can no longer use this route to transport medical supplies</span></a> to Bunyakiri, making a shortage likely.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">UNOCHA reports that between 21 and 30 November, <a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-situation-humanitaire-dans-la-province-du-nord-kivu-rapport-de-situation-13-12-decembre-2025" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">more than 40,000 displaced persons</span></a> were recorded reaching Mweso and Bukama, in Masisi territory (North Kivu).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">A positive development in Djugu territory (Ituri province), where violence decreased for the third consecutive week, <a href="https://buniaactualite.cd/djugu-une-accalmie-fragile-favorise-le-retour-de-plus-de-25-000-deplaces/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">causing nearly 25,800 people who had fled between June and August 2025 to return to their home villages</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Voluntary repatriation of Rwandan refugees in North Kivu continues, with <a href="https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/120210" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">over 7,000 Rwandans repatriated so far this year</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The week of 10th December, M23 forced residents of several villages in Ikobo groupement, Walikale territory (North Kivu) <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/15/actualite/securite/la-societe-civile-de-walikale-condamne-le-deplacement-force-des" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">to evacuate their villages</span></a>, citing ‘security reasons’.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>REPORTING AND ANALYSIS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">A Reuters investigation looks into <a href="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/congo-security-rapes/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">the use of sexual violence by M23 and other combatants</span></a>, especially against children. Young girls recount the gang rapes and sexual slavery they were subjected to by M23.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">International Crisis Group has published <a href="http://republic" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">its latest report on M23</span></a>, where it underscores the need for diplomatic efforts to continue.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">An IPIS report gives us the most detailed investigation to date of the <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/publication/the-weight-of-silence-how-the-mobondo-revolt-is-shaking-western-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Mobondo militia and its impacts in western DRC</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Resource Matters has published a white paper exploring ways to increase <a href="https://www.resourcematters.org/post/du-minerai-brut-a-la-transformation-locale-pistes-pour-accroitre-la-valeur-ajoutee" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">the added value of minerals at a local level through their transformation</span></a>, not merely their extraction.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:22px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DOMESTIC POLITICS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The Kinshasa governor did <a href="https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-158377_kinshasa_daniel_bumba_n_autorise_pas_la_marche_de_la_coalition_de_la_gauche_de_jean_marc_kabund_prevue_ce_15_decembre.html" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">not authorize a ‘march for peace’</span></a> that political opponent Jean-Marc Kabund wanted to organize with his Congolese Left Coalition on December 15th. The march wanted to demand the organization of a national dialogue as a response to the crisis in the east.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Across the country, agents from provincial assemblies staged protests after their salaries went unpaid for six to ten months. Protests took place in <a href="https://www.congoquotidien.com/2025/12/11/manifestation-agents-assemblee-provinciale-kwilu-salaires-impayes/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Bandundu</span></a> (Kwilu), <a href="https://7sur7.cd/2025/12/10/kwango-les-agents-de-lassemblee-provinciale-manifestent-pour-reclamer-8-mois-de-salaires" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kenge</span></a> (Kwango), and <a href="https://7sur7.cd/2025/12/09/mai-ndombe-10-mois-impayes-les-administratifs-de-lassemblee-provinciale-tirent-la" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Inongo</span></a> (Mai-Ndombe).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On December 16th, armed men without a warrant <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/17/fayulu-hausse-le-ton-et-denonce-larbitraire-apres-larrestation-demmanuel-shadary" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">arrested Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary</span></a>, the Secretary General of opposition party PPRD (Former President Kabila’s party) in Kinshasa. His son was also arrested <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/17/rdc-son-tour-paul-ramazani-fils-de-shadary-arrete-kinshasa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">two days later</span></a> and <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20251219-rdc-interpell%C3%A9-puis-rel%C3%A2ch%C3%A9-le-fils-de-l-opposant-shadary-exige-que-son-p%C3%A8re-soit-aussi-lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">released the next day</span></a>. Emmanuel Shadary’s whereabouts remain unknown.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>BUSINESS, MINERALS &amp; INFRASTRUCTURE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">A <a href="https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/transition-minerals/thousands-in-drc-could-face-eviction-from-lobito-corridor-railway/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Global Witness investigation</span></a> found that the Lobito Corridor project puts the homes of thousands of families at risk of demolition.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">IPIS’s <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/publication/mapping-artisanal-mining-sites-in-the-kibali-gold-mine-concession-in-faradje-territory-haut-uele-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">latest publication</span></a> looks at artisanal mining sites in Faradje territory (Haut-Uele province), and includes a <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/20251208_Factsheet-Kibali-and-ASM-EN.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">factsheet</span></a> mapping the main gold mining sites within the Kibali concession and an <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/PAX-Addressing-conflicts-and-engaging-meaningfully-with-artisanal-miners-EN.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">advocacy report</span></a> by Dutch peace organization PAX to address conflicts in the area.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Delivering his economic address in Pennsylvania on 9 December, U.S. President Donald Trump talking about the transition to green energy and the American need for batteries, <a href="https://youtu.be/I8WJz5A1Q7Y?t=3706" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">reiterated the American interest in Congolese minerals</span></a>: “I actually stopped the war with Congo and Rwanda, and they said to me ‘please, please, we would love you to come and take our minerals’, which we’ll do”.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 17 December, the Congolese ambassador to Benelux and the European Union gave a speech at the European Parliament in Strasbourg (France) during which he denounced what he called Rwanda’s <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/19/offensive-de-lafcm23-dans-lest-de-la-rdc-au-parlement-europeen-kinshasa-alerte-sur-le" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">‘hawkish’ politics</span></a> and expansionist velleities.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Mahmoud Ali Youssouf, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/19/lafrique-na-pas-abandonne-la-rdc-et-lunion-africaine-souhaite-que-ce-pays-retrouve-la" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">visited Kinshasa</span></a> on 18 December for the first time since his election to the position in February 2025. This visit might indicate a willingness from the AU to find a seat at the negotiating table again, after having been sidelined by the U.S. and Qatar.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">U.S. Ambassador to the DRC, Lucy Tamlyn, as well as her Canadian counterpart, will both <a href="https://x.com/hideogawa_ambjp/status/1997021073020244002?s=46" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">retire from their posts</span></a> this month.</p></li></ul>
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      <p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:center;" class="">If there is anything specifically you would like to see from this newsletter or if you have any feedback, we would love to hear from you. Please write to us at <a href="mailto:drcnews@paema.ngo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">drcnews@paema.ngo</span></a> or leave a comment through this <a href="https://forms.gle/cwxXqsJDkgpDZMZb7" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;">anonymous form</a>.</p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>EN BREF</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 19 décembre à New York, <a href="https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1g/k1g7eevow4" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">les membres du Conseil de sécurité ont voté à l'unanimité le renouvellement de la MONUSCO</span></a> pour un an (voir <em><a href="https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2025/12/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-vote-on-monusco-mandate-renewal-3.php" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Security Council Report</span></a> </em>pour plus d’informations sur les négociations). La représentante des Etats-Unis a déclaré que les négociations avaient été perturbées par « <a href="https://usun.usmission.gov/explanation-of-vote-following-the-adoption-of-a-un-security-council-resolution-renewing-the-mandate-of-monusco-2/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">les efforts du Rwanda et du M23 pour saboter un processus de paix viable </span></a>» et a qualifié l'engagement du M23 à se retirer d'Uvira d’ « insuffisant », demandant au groupe de se retirer à au moins 75 kilomètres de la ville.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Bien que l'attention internationale se soit naturellement concentrée sur les développements au Sud-Kivu (voir ci-dessous), les affrontements entre le M23 d'un côté et les FARDC-Wazalendo de l'autre se poursuivent au Nord-Kivu, en particulier dans <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/08/actualite/securite/les-fardc-bombardent-par-drones-les-positions-du-m23-masisi-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">le territoire de Masisi</span></a> où les forces pro-Kinshasa utilisent des drones pour mener <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/15/masisi-nouveau-bombardement-aerien-des-fardc-sur-les-positions-des-rebelles-de-lafcm23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">des frappes aériennes</span></a>, et dans <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/13/nord-kivu-retour-au-calme-minjenje-et-malemo-apres-des-affrontements-entre-lafcm23-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">le territoire voisin de Walikale</span></a> où les milices Wazalendo tentent de déloger le M23 de leurs positions.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Le président ougandais Yoweri Museveni tente de <a href="https://7sur7.cd/2025/12/19/crise-du-m23-des-chefs-detat-de-la-sous-region-en-sommet-ce-dimanche-kampala" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">réunir les chefs d'État des Grands Lacs à Kampala le 21 décembre</span></a> afin d'apaiser la situation.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:32px;padding-right:31px;padding-bottom:32px;padding-left:31px;color:#000;background-color:#e3e1d8;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>A LA LOUPE</strong><em><br></em><strong>LA PRISE D'UVIRA ET SES CONS</strong>É<strong>QUENCES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 9 décembre, le M23 a encerclé Uvira et, à la demande des notables de la ville, <a href="https://afrique.lalibre.be/79895/uvira-tombee-les-rebelles-annoncent-mettre-le-cap-sur-le-katanga/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a permis la négociation de la reddition et du retrait des troupes congolaises et burundaises</span></a>, avant d'entrer officiellement dans la ville le 10 décembre.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Dès son entrée dans Uvira, le M23 a commis de graves exactions, notamment des exécutions sommaires de civils et de combattants présumés Wazalendo, selon <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/12/15/dr-congo-fall-of-eastern-city-puts-civilians-at-risk" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">les témoignages recueillis par Human Rights Watch</span></a>. Les soldats congolais et les miliciens Wazalendo ont également harcelé des civils et pillé la ville lors de leur retraite, et ont tué un lieutenant Banyamulenge de l'armée congolaise.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 15 décembre, l'AFC/M23 a publié une <a href="https://x.com/CNangaa/status/2000724685017764309?s=20" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">déclaration</span></a> indiquant qu'il « retirerait unilatéralement ses forces de la ville d'Uvira, conformément à la demande de médiation des États-Unis ». Le 17 décembre, le M23 a déclaré avoir commencé à se retirer et a diffusé des vidéos montrant ses soldats quittant la ville. Cependant, des sources sur le terrain rapportent que ces déclarations n’avaient que pour <a href="https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/interview-les-accords-de-washington-peuvent-ils-stopper-la-guerre/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">but d’apaiser Washington</span></a> et que le groupe maintenait bien sa présence. Le M23 a notamment menacé et forcé les habitants <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/18/rdc-retrait-surprise-de-lafc-m23-duvira-kinshasa-crie-a-la-manoeuvre-et-exige-des-preuves/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">à manifester leur soutien au groupe</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Depuis la prise d'Uvira, des affrontements entre le M23 et les FARDC ont été signalés dans <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/18/actualite/securite/uvira-incertitudes-autour-du-retrait-annonce-de-lafc-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">plusieurs villages du territoire de Fizi</span></a>, à moins de 30 kilomètres au sud d'Uvira. Les soldats burundais utilisent de petits bateaux pour <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/17/panique-a-rumonge-des-soldats-burundais-coinces-par-la-progression-de-lafc-m23-se-replient-massivement/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">fuir en masse vers Rumonge</span></a>, dans le sud-est du Burundi.</p></li></ul><h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;">&nbsp; DE LOURDES CONSÉQUENCES HUMANITAIRES</h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Entre le 2 et le 9 décembre, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/10/actualite/securite/combats-fardc-m23-au-sud-kivu-au-moins-74-civils-tues-et-83-blesses-en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">au moins 74 civils ont été tués</span></a> (et des dizaines d'autres blessés) lors d'affrontements entre le M23 et les FARDC soutenues par Wazalendo dans le Sud-Kivu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><a href="https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/news-stories/news/unprecedented-influx-eu-responds-burundi-dr-congo-border-crisis-2025-12-16_en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">On estime à 500 000</span></a> le nombre de<a href="https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/news-stories/news/unprecedented-influx-eu-responds-burundi-dr-congo-border-crisis-2025-12-16_en" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> personnes</span></a> déplacées à l'intérieur du pays en raison de la récente escalade, <a href="https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/statement-unicef-children-displaced-escalating-violence-eastern-drc" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">dont plus de 100 000 enfants</span></a> rien que dans le Sud-Kivu. Le HCR a lancé un <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/media/unhcr-drc-emergency-appeal-december-2025-march-2026" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">appel d'urgence de quatre mois</span></a> couvrant la période de décembre 2025 à mars 2026, dans le cadre duquel il a demandé 47,2 millions de dollars américains pour soutenir la réponse aux personnes déplacées dans l'est de la RDC ainsi qu'au Burundi et au Rwanda.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">À ce chiffre s'ajoutent près de<a href="https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/120210" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> 80 000 personnes</span></a> (dont 8 000 Burundais) qui ont traversé la frontière entre le Sud-Kivu et le Burundi entre le 6 et le 15 décembre.&nbsp; La frontière entre le Burundi et la RDC étant fermée, les civils sont également<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuHXPqUpF7s" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> contraints de fuir Uvira vers le Burundi par bateau</span></a>&nbsp;(avec parfois <a href="https://x.com/michombero/status/1999881801867657484" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;">un lourd tribut humain</a>).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">La fermeture de la frontière a également eu un <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rIIn8ejhKE" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">impact économique important</span></a> sur les commerces de Bujumbura, qui dépendent des clients empruntant cette route commerciale régionale.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Au 18 décembre, au moins<a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/19/actualite/sante/cholera-et-malnutrition-au-moins-40-refugies-congolais-meurent-en-10" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> 40 réfugiés congolais étaient morts du choléra et de malnutrition</span></a> dans le camp de Gatumba au Burundi depuis leur arrivée moins de dix jours auparavant. Dans ce même camp, <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/19/gatumba-crise-humanitaire-et-violences-policieres-au-centre-de-transit-des-refugies-congolais/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">la police a battu et arrêté les réfugiés</span></a> qui refusaient de partir vers d'autres camps, blessant plusieurs personnes et en tuant une. Les réfugiés congolais nouvellement arrivés au Burundi <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/15/photo-de-la-semaine-rumonge-des-refugies-congolais-interdits-de-louer-des-maisons-hors-du-site-daccueil/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">ne sont pas autorisés à louer des maisons</span></a> et sont confinés dans les camps.&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;">LA PRESSION DIPLOMATIQUE S’INTENSIFIE SUR LE RWANDA</h4></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">La prise d'Uvira par le M23 a suscité de vives réactions de la part des partenaires internationaux, en particulier des États-Unis, qui se sentent « trahis » par le Rwanda, quelques jours <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/voH3cLq5h8ZZPslmjxbgbRuW7-gvYmtACRcyVYxd7mXhY7dMEjJ97OdNx4uBJYx3_PH6wkz8iHGyjv4IvUbuIQd-MHhPiCLt" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">après la signature des accords de Washington</span></a>. Le dernier rapport du Groupe d'experts des Nations unies sur la RDC (qui n'a pas encore été publié) indique <a href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1747233/politique/des-experts-de-lonu-accusent-larmee-rwandaise-de-graves-exactions-dans-lest-de-la-rdc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">qu'au moins 6 000 à 7 000 éléments des Forces de défense rwandaises (RDF)</span></a> sont toujours déployés dans le Nord et le Sud-Kivu.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 12 décembre, le Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies <a href="https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k12/k128ujpf65" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a tenu une réunion sur la situation en RDC</span></a>, au cours de laquelle l'ambassadeur américain auprès des Nations unies, Mike Waltz, a réprimandé le Rwanda, l'accusant de « conduire la région vers une instabilité et une guerre accrues » et avertissant que les États-Unis « <a href="https://usun.usmission.gov/remarks-at-a-un-security-council-briefing-on-the-situation-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-2/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">utiliseraient les outils à leur disposition pour demander des comptes aux sabteurs de la paix</span></a> ».</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 16 décembre 2025, le secrétaire d'État adjoint américain Christopher Landau a rencontré la ministre des Affaires étrangères de la RDC, Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner, à Washington, D.C. Le secrétaire d'État adjoint a fait savoir que les États-Unis étaient « <a href="https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/12/deputy-secretary-landaus-meeting-with-drc-foreign-minister-kayikwamba-wagner/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">prêts à prendre des mesures </span></a>» pour faire respecter pleinement les accords de Washington.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Ces déclarations, combinées à d'autres, montrent clairement que les États-Unis sont désormais prêts à prendre des mesures punitives contre le Rwanda pour garantir le respect des accords de Washington.</p></li></ul><h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;">&nbsp; À SURVEILLER : LE BURUNDI, LE M23&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; ET LE RWANDA</h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Ces dernières semaines ont été marquées par une inquiétante montée des tensions entre le Rwanda et le Burundi. D'importants <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/12/burundi-rwanda-montee-des-tensions-militaires-a-la-frontiere-la-population-de-butanyerera-vit-dans-la-peur/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">renforts des troupes burundaises ont été observés à la frontière entre le Burundi et le Rwanda</span></a>, avec un déploiement similaire du côté rwandais. L'ambassadeur du Burundi auprès des Nations unies, Zephyrin Maniratanga, a averti lors de la réunion du Conseil de sécurité du 12 décembre <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/us-accuses-rwanda-un-leading-region-toward-war-2025-12-12/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">qu'il « deviendrait extrêmement difficile d'éviter une</span></a> escalade<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/us-accuses-rwanda-un-leading-region-toward-war-2025-12-12/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> directe</span></a> » entre le Burundi et le Rwanda si ce dernier ne « cessait pas ses attaques ».</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">D'autre part, le M23 semble vouloir apaiser les tensions avec Gitega. Le commandant adjoint du M23, Bernard Maheshe Byamungu, <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20251211-est-rdc-le-groupe-afc-m23-consolide-sa-pr%C3%A9sence-dans-la-ville-d-uvira-col%C3%A8re-%C3%A0-kinshasa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a appelé les troupes burundaises encore présentes à Uvira le 10 décembre à se rendre</span></a>, leur promettant qu'elles seraient ramenées à la frontière en toute sécurité (bien que lorsqu'une délégation de hauts responsables burundais s'est rendue à Luvungi pour <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/12/11/burundi-rdc-gitega-forcee-de-quemander-la-restitution-de-ses-militaires-et-un-passage-humanitaire/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">demander la remise des soldats capturés et négocier un corridor de sécurité pour le retour des soldats burundais au Burundi</span></a>, le M23 a déclaré qu'il ne répondrait positivement à ces demandes qu'à condition que les FDNB cessent leurs opérations militaires en RDC et retirent toutes leurs troupes).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Dans <a href="https://x.com/CNangaa/status/2000724685017764309?s=20" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">leur communiqué annonçant leur retrait d'Uvira</span></a>, le M23 a également déclaré qu'« en ce qui concerne les groupes armés hostiles au gouvernement burundais qui restent actifs en RDC, le M23 (...) ne permettra pas à ces groupes d'utiliser les zones libérées comme bases arrière pour mener des actions hostiles susceptibles de nuire aux relations de bon voisinage entre nos deux pays ». Cette déclaration est en contradiction avec l'alliance actuelle entre le M23 et RED-Tabara, un groupe rebelle burundais opérant depuis le Sud-Kivu et qui a rejoint la coalition AFC.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Ces développements soulèvent des inquiétudes quant à une nouvelle fragmentation du conflit dans les <em>plateaux</em> du Sud-Kivu, où d'anciennes alliances deviendraient des ennemis, ainsi qu'à d'éventuelles divergences d'intérêts entre le M23 et Kigali, le premier cherchant à apaiser les tensions avec le Burundi tandis que le Rwanda semble prêt à une confrontation totale.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>PAEMA ET PARTENAIRES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 8 décembre, PAEMA a organisé un webinaire-table ronde intitulé « Défis et opportunités pour un investissement responsable dans le secteur des minéraux critiques en RDC : perspectives de la société civile ». Des extraits peuvent être <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DSdY0LMkpx8/?img_index=2&amp;igsh=MTg0dHluMWM3NGUx" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">visionnés sur nos réseaux sociaux</span></a>.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DROITS HUMAINS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 11 décembre, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/11/actualite/securite/une-attaque-des-adf-fait-4-morts-irumu" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">les rebelles des Forces démocratiques alliées (ADF) ont tué quatre civils dans le territoire d'Irumu</span></a> (province d'Ituri), la quatrième attaque de ce type en une semaine.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 16 décembre, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/18/walikale-15-personnes-prises-en-otage-par-les-wazalendo-misinga-pour-presumee-complicite" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">des militants de Wazalendo ont enlevé 15 civils</span></a> qu'ils accusent de complicité avec le M23 sur le site d'exploitation aurifère artisanale de Mumba.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 15 décembre, la cour d'assisesde Paris a condamné l'<a href="https://cfj.org/news/landmark-verdict-of-former-congolese-minister-ends-decades-of-impunity/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">ancien ministre congolais et chef de guerre Roger Lumbala</span></a> à 30 ans de prison pour complicité de crimes contre l'humanité commis pendant la deuxième guerre du Congo (voir <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/sZN4m7z3w_45pavdHHfgBMCEAiPfmZTU4Cr5JCuWvtgPVXNHG6FaFHIzrfcuHaDuw5bF9hB9gk4isn2qqQD9c4gKuBs9NEmx" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">News Monitor n° 14</span></a>). La cour jugeait Lumbala en vertu du principe de compétence universelle.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>CONFLITS ARMÉS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 16 décembre, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/16/actualite/securite/violents-combats-entre-fdlr-et-mai-mai-kifuafua-walikale-au-moins-4" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">des combattants des FDLR (</span></a><em><a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/16/actualite/securite/violents-combats-entre-fdlr-et-mai-mai-kifuafua-walikale-au-moins-4" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Forces démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda)</span></a></em><a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/16/actualite/securite/violents-combats-entre-fdlr-et-mai-mai-kifuafua-walikale-au-moins-4" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> se sont affrontés à des Maï-Maï Kifuafua</span></a> affiliés au Wazalendo dans le groupement de Waloa Loanda (territoire de Walikale, Nord-Kivu) à la suite de tensions liées à un titre foncier. Les FDLR ont incendié des maisons civiles. <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/16/walikale-le-bilan-de-lattaque-de-tuonane-salourdit-10-morts-apres-les-affrontements" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Dix personnes ont été tuées</span></a>, dont six FDLR, deux Wazalendo et deux civils. À la suite des affrontements, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/17/walikale-panique-busurungi-ce-mercredi-soir-lannonce-de-larrivee-des-renforts-des-fdlr" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">des renforts des FDLR sont arrivés du Sud-Kivu</span></a>, provoquant une nouvelle vague de panique parmi la population.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les 5 et 6 décembre, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/07/actualite/securite/sept-miliciens-de-la-crp-tues-dans-des-combats-contre-les-fardc-djugu" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">les FARDC ont affronté des militants du CRP</span></a> (Convention pour une Révolution Population) à Djugu (Ituri), tuant 7 rebelles et en blessant « beaucoup d'autres ».</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les FARDC ont affronté des militants Mobondo à <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/17/kinshasa-au-moins-deux-morts-apres-affrontements-entre-les-mobondo-et-des-habitants-de" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Maluku</span></a> (Kinshasa) le 16 décembre et dans <a href="https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/12/19/kwamouth-quatre-miliciens-mobondo-tues-et-un-capture-apres-des-affrontements-avec-larmee" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">le territoire de Kwamouth</span></a> (Mai-Ndombe) le 19 décembre, faisant au moins six morts.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les autorités de Kinshasa ont décidé de créer un <a href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1750414/politique/est-de-la-rdc-incontournables-les-wazalendo-sont-ils-aussi-incontrolables/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">« répertoire exécutif national » des milices Wazalendo</span></a>, afin de mieux « superviser, coordonner et unifier » les milices. Il reste à voir quelle sera l'efficacité de ce mécanisme.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DÉVELOPPEMENT, SANTÉ, HUMANITAIRE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 12 décembre, <em>Médecins Sans Frontières </em>a annoncé qu'en raison de l'intensification des affrontements, l’ONG avait été contrainte à <a href="https://www.msf.org/fr/rdcongo/msf%C2%A0se-retire-de%C2%A0baraka" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">se retirer de Baraka</span></a> (Fizi, Sud-Kivu), où elle menait depuis août une opération d'urgence contre le paludisme.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">À Kamanyola (Walungu, Sud-Kivu), <em>La Prunelle</em> fait état d'une <a href="https://laprunellerdc.cd/kamanyola-situation-humanitaire-precaire/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">augmentation inquiétante des maladies contagieuses</span></a>, en particulier chez les patients qui ont fui les établissements de santé sans avoir terminé leur traitement et qui propagent désormais des maladies telles que la variole du singe.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le dernier rapport IPC sur la sécurité alimentaire et la malnutrition aiguë révèle que <a href="https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1159809/?iso3=COD" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">plus de 4 millions d'enfants en RDC souffrent ou devraient souffrir de malnutrition aiguë</span></a> dans les mois à venir.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DÉPLACEMENTS FORCÉS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><em>Médecins Sans Frontières </em>a annoncé le 9 décembre avoir déployé une opération d'urgence à Bunyakiri (Kalehe, Sud-Kivu) pour venir en aide à plus <a href="https://www.msf.org/fr/rdcongo/sud-kivu-msf-d%C3%A9ploie-une-intervention-d%E2%80%99urgence-pour-les-populations-en-d%C3%A9tresse-%C3%A0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">de 180 000 personnes</span></a> déplacées par le conflit entre le M23 et les forces progouvernementales. Quelques jours plus tard, l'ONG a annoncé qu'en raison de la fermeture de la RN3, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DSK5UdnAhUR/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">elle ne pouvait plus utiliser cette route pour acheminer des fournitures médicales</span></a> à Bunyakiri, ce qui risquait d'entraîner une pénurie.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">L'UNOCHA rapporte qu'entre le 21 et le 30 novembre, <a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congo-situation-humanitaire-dans-la-province-du-nord-kivu-rapport-de-situation-13-12-decembre-2025" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">plus de 40 000 personnes déplacées</span></a> ont été enregistrées à leur arrivée à Mweso et Bukama, dans le territoire de Masisi (Nord-Kivu).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Une évolution positive a été observée dans le territoire de Djugu (province de l'Ituri), où les violences ont diminué pour la troisième semaine consécutive, <a href="https://buniaactualite.cd/djugu-une-accalmie-fragile-favorise-le-retour-de-plus-de-25-000-deplaces/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">permettant à près de 25 800 personnes qui avaient fui entre juin et août 2025 de retourner dans leurs villages d'origine</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Le rapatriement volontaire des réfugiés rwandais dans le Nord-Kivu se poursuit, avec <a href="https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/120210" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">plus de 7 000 Rwandais rapatriés depuis le début de l'année</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Au cours de la semaine du 10 décembre, le M23 a contraint les habitants de plusieurs villages du groupement d'Ikobo, dans le territoire de Walikale (Nord-Kivu), <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/12/15/actualite/securite/la-societe-civile-de-walikale-condamne-le-deplacement-force-des" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">à évacuer leurs villages</span></a> pour des « raisons de sécurité ».</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>RAPPORTS ET ANALYSES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Une enquête de Reuters se penche sur <a href="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/congo-security-rapes/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">le recours à la violence sexuelle par le M23 et d'autres combattants</span></a>, en particulier à l'encontre des enfants. Des jeunes filles racontent les viols collectifs et l'esclavage sexuel dont elles ont été victimes de la part du M23.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">L<em>'International Crisis Group</em> a publié <a href="http://republic" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">son dernier rapport sur le M23</span></a>, dans lequel il souligne la nécessité de poursuivre les efforts diplomatiques.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Un rapport de l'<em>IPIS</em> nous fournit l'enquête la plus détaillée à ce jour sur la <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/publication/the-weight-of-silence-how-the-mobondo-revolt-is-shaking-western-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">milice Mobondo et son impact dans l'ouest de la RDC</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><em>Resource Matters </em>a publié un livre blanc explorant les moyens d'augmenter <a href="https://www.resourcematters.org/post/du-minerai-brut-a-la-transformation-locale-pistes-pour-accroitre-la-valeur-ajoutee" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">la valeur ajoutée des minerais au niveau local grâce à leur transformation</span></a>, et non pas seulement à leur extraction.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>POLITIQUE INTÉRIEURE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le gouverneur de Kinshasa <a href="https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-158377_kinshasa_daniel_bumba_n_autorise_pas_la_marche_de_la_coalition_de_la_gauche_de_jean_marc_kabund_prevue_ce_15_decembre.html" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">n'a pas autorisé la « marche pour la paix »</span></a> que l'opposant politique Jean-Marc Kabund souhaitait organiser avec sa Coalition de la gauche congolaise le 15 décembre. La marche visait à réclamer l'organisation d'un dialogue national en réponse à la crise dans l'est du pays.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Dans tout le pays, des agents des assemblées provinciales ont organisé des manifestations après six à dix mois sans salaire. Des manifestations ont eu lieu à <a href="https://www.congoquotidien.com/2025/12/11/manifestation-agents-assemblee-provinciale-kwilu-salaires-impayes/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Bandundu</span></a> (Kwilu), <a href="https://7sur7.cd/2025/12/10/kwango-les-agents-de-lassemblee-provinciale-manifestent-pour-reclamer-8-mois-de-salaires" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Kenge</span></a> (Kwango) et <a href="https://7sur7.cd/2025/12/09/mai-ndombe-10-mois-impayes-les-administratifs-de-lassemblee-provinciale-tirent-la" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Inongo</span></a> (Mai-Ndombe).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 16 décembre, des hommes armés sans mandat <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/17/fayulu-hausse-le-ton-et-denonce-larbitraire-apres-larrestation-demmanuel-shadary" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">ont arrêté Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary</span></a>, secrétaire général du parti d'opposition PPRD (parti de l'ancien président Kabila) à Kinshasa. Son fils a également été arrêté <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/17/rdc-son-tour-paul-ramazani-fils-de-shadary-arrete-kinshasa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">deux jours plus tard</span></a> et <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20251219-rdc-interpell%C3%A9-puis-rel%C3%A2ch%C3%A9-le-fils-de-l-opposant-shadary-exige-que-son-p%C3%A8re-soit-aussi-lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">libéré le lendemain</span></a>. On ignore toujours où se trouve Emmanuel Shadary.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>ENTREPRISES, MINERAIS, INFRASTRUCTURES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><a href="https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/transition-minerals/thousands-in-drc-could-face-eviction-from-lobito-corridor-railway/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Une enquête de Global Witness</span></a> a révélé que le projet du corridor de Lobito mettait en danger les habitations de milliers de familles, menacées de démolition.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><a href="https://ipisresearch.be/publication/mapping-artisanal-mining-sites-in-the-kibali-gold-mine-concession-in-faradje-territory-haut-uele-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">La dernière publication</span></a> de l<em>'IPIS</em> examine les sites miniers artisanaux du territoire de Faradje (province du Haut-Uele) et comprend une <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/20251208_Factsheet-Kibali-and-ASM-EN.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">cartographie</span></a> des principaux sites d'extraction d'or dans la concession de Kibali, ainsi qu'un <a href="https://ipisresearch.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/PAX-Addressing-conflicts-and-engaging-meaningfully-with-artisanal-miners-EN.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">rapport de plaidoyer</span></a> de l'ONG pour la paix néerlandaise PAX visant à éviter et résoudre les conflits dans la région.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Lors de son discours sur l'économie prononcé en Pennsylvanie le 9 décembre, le président américain Donald Trump a évoqué la transition vers l'énergie verte et les besoins américains en batteries, <a href="https://youtu.be/I8WJz5A1Q7Y?t=3706" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">réitérant l'intérêt des États-Unis pour les minerais congolais</span></a> : « J'ai en fait mis fin à la guerre entre le Congo et le Rwanda, et ils m'ont dit : "S'il vous plaît, nous aimerions que vous veniez prendre nos minerais", ce que nous ferons ».</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DIPLOMATIE INTERNATIONALE ET AMÉRICAINE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 17 décembre, l'ambassadeur du Congo auprès du Benelux et de l'Union européenne a prononcé un discours au Parlement européen à Strasbourg (France) au cours duquel il a dénoncé ce qu'il a qualifié de <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/19/offensive-de-lafcm23-dans-lest-de-la-rdc-au-parlement-europeen-kinshasa-alerte-sur-le" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">politique « belliciste »</span></a> et de velléités expansionnistes du Rwanda.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le président de la Commission de l'Union africaine, Mahmoud Ali Youssouf, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/12/19/lafrique-na-pas-abandonne-la-rdc-et-lunion-africaine-souhaite-que-ce-pays-retrouve-la" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">s'est rendu à Kinshasa</span></a> le 18 décembre pour la première fois depuis son élection à ce poste en février 2025. Cette visite pourrait indiquer la volonté de l'UA de retrouver une place à la table des négociations, après avoir été écartée par les États-Unis et le Qatar.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">L'ambassadrice américaine en RDC, Lucy Tamlyn, ainsi que son homologue canadien, <a href="https://x.com/hideogawa_ambjp/status/1997021073020244002?s=46" rel="nofollow" style="color:#51945e !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">prendront toutes les deux leur retraite</span></a> ce mois-ci.</p></li></ul>
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