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  <a href="https://apnews.com/article/joseph-kabila-treason-convicted-death-sentence-m23-rwanda-b2a21a4203fd78e68cf4fc506d56544b" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><img class="section-scaleable-image" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/66ad0be8ed0f4b24dda66a3a/8fd49d37-2e15-4bbf-b6f8-c8de01cae1de/Screenshot%2B2025-10-09%2Bat%2B1.55.20%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png?content-type=image%2Fpng&amp;format=750w" width="594" alt="" style="font-size:.8854166666666667em;display:block;border:0;text-decoration:none;line-height:0;background-color:transparent;font-weight:normal;height:auto;width:100%;max-width:100%;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></a>


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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>News Monitor #11<br>9 October 2025</strong></h4><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:center;" class=""><em>Le bulletin dans son intégralité en français est disponible sous la version anglaise.</em></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""> </p>
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      <p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:right;" class=""><em>If you were forwarded this email, you can subscribe <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/drc-news-monitor#subscriber" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;">here</a>. // Si ce mail vous a été transféré, vous pouvez vous abonner <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/drc-news-monitor#subscriber" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;">ici</a>.</em></p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DRC NEWS ROUNDUP</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 30 September, the Congolese High Military Court <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/30/former-drc-president-joseph-kabila-sentenced-to-death-in-absentia" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">sentenced former President Joseph Kabila to the death penalty</span></a> after convicting him of war crimes, treason and crimes against humanity over his alleged support of M23. The trial was held in absentia and was <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/10/01/vendetta-in-democratic-republic-of-congo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">qualified by Human Rights Watch as a ‘political vendetta’</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Though Rwanda and DRC were expected to sign the Regional Economic Integration Framework (REIF) agreement early October, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-10-03/trump-touted-rwanda-congo-economic-pact-trips-on-elusive-peace" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Congolese representatives unexpectedly pulled out at the last minute</span></a>, reportedly due to Rwandan troops not having withdrawn from Congolese territory.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) reports that <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/nearly-90-surveyed-east-congo-clinics-out-medicines-red-cross-says-2025-10-08/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">nearly 90% of 240 surveyed health centres and clinics in North and South Kivu province have completely run out of medicine</span></a>, due to widespread looting and supply chain disruptions.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">MOSSAC, an ad-hoc coalition of Congolese civil society groups and lawyers, has published a <a href="https://www.initiativeforequality.org/peace-accords-business-deal-wont-protect-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">strategic note</span></a> through <em>Initiative for Equality</em> that concludes that the D.C. and Doha peace accords and the Regional Economic Integration Framework (REIF) are being violated and not respected, and that even if implemented, these agreements will fail to deliver peace, justice, or sovereignty to the DRC.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">White House Office of Management and Budget Director Russell Vought and Secretary of State Marco Rubio have reportedly signed off on the <a href="https://www.devex.com/news/trump-administration-to-unlock-hundreds-of-millions-for-un-peacekeeping-111030?consultant_exists=true&amp;oauth_response=success" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">provision of $400 million in funding for UN peacekeeping operations in Lebanon and the DRC</span></a>, providing support for MONUSCO despite earlier threats of complete defunding. While concerns about MONUSCO's long-term future persist, the allocation marks a more favorable shift from recent weeks when U.S. support for the mission was entirely at risk.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>HUMAN RIGHTS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">AFC/M23 announced that beginning 1 November, it <a href="https://chimpreports.com/m23-rebels-reject-kinshasa-issued-travel-documents-in-occupied-territories/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">will no longer recognize travel documents issued by Kinshasa for foreign nationals entering areas under its control</span></a>, requiring instead that travelers possess an AFC/M23-issued visa.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 30 September, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/01/actualite/securite/plusieurs-personnes-interpellees-lors-dun-bouclage-mene-par-lafc-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">M23 conducted a large-scale ‘search and cordon’ operation in Bukavu</span></a> (South Kivu), arresting over 300 people and detaining&nbsp; at least 30 individuals.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;" class="">On 2 October, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/02/actualite/securite/14-deplaces-tues-lors-dune-attaque-des-miliciens-codeco-au-site-de" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">the CODECO militia killed 14 IDPs</span></a> who were searching&nbsp; for food near their camp in Rhoo (Djugu, Ituri).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:10pt;" class="">On 4 October, Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebels killed 3 civilians and abducted others northwest of Komanda (Ituri province). On 7 October, they <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/08/lubero-au-moins-cinq-civils-tues-dans-une-nouvelle-attaque-des-adf-dans-le-secteur-des" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">killed at least 5 civilians in Lubero territory</span></a> (North Kivu).</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>ARMED CONFLICT</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/09/29/actualite/securite/une-jeune-fille-blessee-lors-des-combats-entre-wazalendo-et-rebelles" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">FARDC-Wazalendo coalition is clashing against M23 in Masisi</span></a> (North Kivu), in an effort to halt M23’s advance toward Pinga. M23 has <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/07/masisi-luke-et-mulema-passent-sous-controle-de-lafcm23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">seized control of Luke and Mulema</span></a>. In South Kivu, clashes are expanding into <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/06/actualite/securite/poursuite-des-combats-entre-fardc-et-afcm23-shabunda" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Shabunda territory</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 1 October, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/05/est-de-la-rdc-les-points-saillants-du-processus-de-paix-cette-semaine" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">approximately 9,000 new M23 recruits completed their training in Tshanzu</span></a> (Rutshuru, North Kivu), two weeks after 7,000 <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/05/rdc-la-veille-de-la-reprise-des-pourparlers-annonces-doha-makenga-reaffirme-sa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">graduated in Rumangabo</span></a>. This new recruitment push suggests a disconnect between signed agreements and observed activities on the ground, as M23 appears to be preparing for territorial expansion amid talks of potential ceasefires that may not materialize.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebels are <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/06/tshopo-accalmie-dans-la-region-de-bafwasende-apres-des-affrontements-entre-larmee-et-des" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">showing increased&nbsp; activity in Bafwasende territory (Tshopo province</span></a>), an area where they have not previously maintained a significant presence .</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 5 October, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/06/actualite/securite/de-violents-affrontements-entre-les-fardc-et-la-milice-crp-kasenyi-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">FARDC clashed against Thomas Lubanga’s </span></a><em><a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/06/actualite/securite/de-violents-affrontements-entre-les-fardc-et-la-milice-crp-kasenyi-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Convention pour la Révolution Populaire</span></a></em> (CRP) in Nyamemba and Kasenyi, near Lake Albert (Ituri province).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Clashes between allied pro-government forces are also ongoing. Two Wazalendo factions, one supported by Congolese forces, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/09/28/actualite/securite/un-mort-dans-des-affrontements-entre-fardc-et-wazalendo-nyunzu" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">clashed against another</span></a> on 26 September at a mining site in Nyunzu territory (Tanganyika province), killing one civilian. The same weekend, two separate <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/09/29/actualite/securite/5-morts-et-plusieurs-blesses-dans-deux-embuscades-des-wazalendo-contre" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">clashes between Wazalendo militants and FARDC killed 5 in Lubutu and Punia territories</span></a> (Maniema province).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Uganda’s lead commander for joint operations with FARDC, Major General Stéphane Mugerwa, has suggested the <a href="https://actu30.cd/2025/10/lutte-contre-les-adf-le-commandant-des-updf-suggere-la-creation-de-groupes-de-defense-dans-les-zones-liberees/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">creation of local defense forces</span></a> to fight against the ADF in eastern DRC.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The World Health Organization has reported that the Ebola outbreak response efforts in the DRC have <a href="https://www.afro.who.int/countries/democratic-republic-of-congo/news/response-efforts-slowing-down-democratic-republic-congo-ebola-outbreak" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">successfully begun to slow the spread of the virus</span></a>. The EU has committed<a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/eu-mobilising-emergency-support-democratic-republic-congo-response-ongoing-ebola-outbreak" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> €1.8 million in emergency humanitarian funding</span></a> to strengthen the initial response on the ground.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) reports that <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/nearly-90-surveyed-east-congo-clinics-out-medicines-red-cross-says-2025-10-08/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">nearly 90% of 240 surveyed health centres and clinics in North and South Kivu province have completely run out of medicine</span></a> due to widespread looting and supply chain disruptions.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Enabel, the Belgian development agency, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/08/tshopo-enabel-suspend-ses-activites-isangi-apres-lassassinat-de-quatre-agents-de-sante" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">announced the suspension of all its activity in some areas of Isangi territory</span></a> (Tshopo province), following the lynching of four health workers days prior by a mob.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DISPLACEMENT</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Three internally displaced persons, all adults, have <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/07/actualite/societe/trois-deplaces-meurent-de-faim-lubero-centre" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">died of hunger</span></a> in Lubero town (Lubero, North Kivu) in the past month, highlighting the extreme vulnerability refugees and IDPs are facing in the area.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Ground Truth Solutions presents the results from a quantitative survey conducted in Mweso (North Kivu) and Minova (South Kivu) in July 2025 to understand the struggles faced by displaced people and returnees alike, <a href="https://www.groundtruthsolutions.org/library/communitiesunderpressure" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">highlighting the intense pressure on resources, services and community relations caused by the internal displacement crises</span></a>.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>REPORTING AND ANALYSIS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The New Humanitarian has published a <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/africa/east-africa/drc" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">3-part series</span></a> produced by local journalists who experienced M23’s takeover in <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/10/01/m23-takeover-part-one-drc-walikale-forced-labour-and-fears-arrest" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Walikale</span></a>, <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/10/01/m23-takeover-part-one-drc-walikale-forced-labour-and-fears-arrest" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">south Lubero</span></a> and <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/10/08/m23-takeover-part-3-land-grabs-and-assassinations-dr-congos-rutshuru" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Rutshuru</span></a>, providing unique insights into daily life under the group’s control.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The civil society consortium <em><a href="https://pamojakwaamani.org/5017-2/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Pamoja Kwa Amani</span></a></em><a href="https://pamojakwaamani.org/5017-2/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> released its latest statement</span></a> decrying the worsening situation on the ground three months after the signing of the DRC-Rwanda peace agreement in Washington, D.C..</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The Coordination Office of South Kivu Civil Society<span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;"> </span><a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/66ad0be8ed0f4b24dda66a3a/t/68e7799146df9579cc708a07/1760000401737/_FR__Note_socie%CC%81te%CC%81_civile_Sud_Kivu_au_me%CC%81diateur_de_Doha.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">issued a policy note</span></a> to Dr. Mohammed Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Khulaifi, Qatar's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and principal mediator between the DRC and AFC/M23, reinforcing the need to respect DRC sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity. The note highlighted approaches that jeopardize lasting peace, including M23's issuance of travel documents legitimizing occupation, stressed that only MONUSCO should serve as an interim force as mandated by resolutions 2765 and 2773, and called for non-partisan dialogue under the auspices of Catholic and Protestant churches with civil society inclusion for an inclusive process.&nbsp;</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">President Trump’s Senior Advisor for Africa, <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/10/01/massad-boulos-conseiller-special-pour-l-afrique-de-donald-trump-notre-politique-repose-sur-trois-piliers-la-paix-les-partenariats-et-la-prosperite_6643974_3212.html" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Massad Boulos, gave an interview to </span></a><em><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/10/01/massad-boulos-conseiller-special-pour-l-afrique-de-donald-trump-notre-politique-repose-sur-trois-piliers-la-paix-les-partenariats-et-la-prosperite_6643974_3212.html" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Le Monde</span></a></em>, where he reflects on the DRC-Rwanda deal and President Trump’s Africa policy.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">In <em>Just Security, </em>The Sentry’s John Prendergast and Sasha Lezhnev <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/122097/drc-peace-mining-sanctions/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">argue that the removal of U.S. sanctions on Dan Gertler would set back peace and investment in the DRC</span></a>.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>PEACE PROCESSES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Though the White House was hoping that Kinshasa and Kigali would sign the Regional Economic Integration Framework (REIF) agreement early October, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-rwanda-will-not-sign-economic-deal-this-week-setback-peace-process-2025-10-03/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">the date has been postponed indefinitely after Congolese representatives reportedly withdrew</span></a>, citing the continued presence of Rwandan troops in DRC.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Representatives from Kinshasa and M23 are <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/08/processus-de-doha-le-nouveau-round-des-discussions-renvoye-la-semaine-prochaine-pour" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">expected to return to Doha next week</span></a> to resume negotiations, especially about the specifics of the prisoner exchange, which has yet to begin.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">MOSSAC, an ad-hoc coalition of Congolese civil society groups and lawyers, released a <a href="https://www.initiativeforequality.org/peace-accords-business-deal-wont-protect-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">strategic note</span></a> through Initiative for Equality concluding that the D.C. and Doha peace accords and the Regional Economic Integration Framework (REIF) are being violated and not respected. The note further asserts that even if fully implemented, these agreements will fail to deliver peace, justice, or sovereignty to the DRC.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DOMESTIC POLITICS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On 30 September, the Congolese High Military Court <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/30/former-drc-president-joseph-kabila-sentenced-to-death-in-absentia" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">sentenced former President Joseph Kabila to the death penalty</span></a> after convicting him of war crimes, treason and crimes against humanity over his alleged support of M23. The trial was held in absentia and was <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/10/01/vendetta-in-democratic-republic-of-congo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">qualified by Human Rights Watch as a ‘political vendetta’</span></a>.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:22px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>BUSINESS, MINERALS &amp; INFRASTRUCTURE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Reuters reported that a June financial audit by the DRC's Court of Auditors found that <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/congo-mining-firms-underreported-168-billion-revenue-audit-says-2025-10-08/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">mining companies operating in the DRC underreported $16.8 billion in revenue between 2018 and 2023</span></a>, with 70% of companies failing to respect the 0.3% annual revenue commitment to community development funds, resulting in $50.4 million in lost contributions.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">World leaders gathered on 9 October at the Global Gateway Forum, an investment conference organized by the EU in Brussels. Both DRC and Rwandan presidents spoke. <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/international-news/20251009-dr-congo-leader-urges-rwanda-s-kagame-to-make-peace-in-brussels-encounter" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">President Tshisekedi appealed to his Rwandan counterpart</span></a> to stop support for M23.&nbsp;</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">On the sidelines of the UN General Assembly, President Tshisekedi attended a meeting with representatives from the private sector, including Symbion Power’s CEO, on <a href="https://x.com/batten_von/status/1973426439044076017?t=QjMY7Gyu_UXPomUgDnYRYA&amp;s=08" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">three large-scale energy projects</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">In Bukavu, M23 has ordered all traders to cease all activities related to <a href="https://libregrandlac.com/article/7982/bukavu-sous-emprise-:-le-m23-afc-impose-le-monopole-du-ciment-a-la-femme-de-makenga" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">the import or sale of cement</span></a>, which is now under the monopoly of the wife of M23 military commander Sultani Makenga.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Africa Intelligence published <a href="https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-africa/2025/10/06/the-tshisekedi-clan-s-dangerous-ties-with-cobalt-looting-cartels,110529339-ge0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">revelations about President Tshisekedi's clan ties with cobalt looting cartels operating in Katanga</span></a>, detailing a system of rampant corruption through which billions of dollars are allegedly looted. President Tshisekedi requested support from several services, particularly the National Security Council and the anti-corruption agency (APLC), to carry out field investigations after being made aware of the issue through complaints from Katanga-based NGOs.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:32px;padding-right:29px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#faf9f4;background-color:#313131;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>GREAT LAKES AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Burundian police <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/10/05/bujumbura-arrestations-massives-de-congolais-la-peur-sinstalle-dans-la-capitale/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">are carrying out mass searches and arrests of Congolese civilians in Bujumbura</span></a>, expelling some of them toward the Congolese border or to refugee camps within Burundi.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Imbonerakure, the Burundian ruling party youth's militia, <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/10/01/burundi-cibitoke-des-paysans-expulses-sous-pretexte-de-liens-avec-le-m23/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">have expelled more than a hundred families of farmers from their land</span></a> in Cibitoke commune in western Burundi, accusing them of supporting M23.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The Financial Times reports <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/4aca0f0a-1e61-4846-96d7-b8e01b1f76f8" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">that Burundi is enduring the ‘worst economic crisis’ of a country not at war</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has published a piece highlighting the dangers associated with the upcoming <a href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/ugandas-2026-elections-rising-authoritarianism-and-declining-us-engagement" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">January 2026 general elections in Uganda</span></a> and the cost of U.S. disengagement.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">During his stay in New York for the UN General Assembly (see <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/Wj_Ypt1X1zonKBlaJBn6IMRravdeibFJ47AO7m2zaHGSAF7qPJLrgJOPoqwvILNljwddJNVv0-JrgvuGFP8Ytpganoyt5VO9" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">previous newsletter</span></a>), President <a href="https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-africa/2025/09/25/felix-tshisekedi-holds-low-key-meeting-with-erik-prince,110526318-art" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Felix Tshisekedi met with Erik Prince</span></a> to discuss the possible extension of his Frontier Services Group contract as Kinshasa is seeking to strengthen its private military apparatus.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">The Congolese government has organized the first <a href="https://x.com/xtr_africa/status/1967608780155167084" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">U.S.-DRC economic forum</span></a>, which will take place in Washington D.C. on 14-15 October.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">On 30 September, the <a href="https://press.un.org/en/2025/sc16184.doc.htm" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Security Council held a briefing on the DRC</span></a> amid escalating violence, stalled peace talks, and MONUSCO's liquidity issues. Council members noted that while the Mission's capacity is being reduced, the Washington, Doha, and African peace tracks rely heavily on it for ceasefire support, verification, DDR, and civilian protection. The DRC's representative cited Security Council resolution 2773 calling for immediate withdrawal of Rwandan forces, with President Tshisekedi describing the situation as "a silent genocide" ongoing for 30 years. Rwanda's delegate argued that resolution 2773, incorporated in the Washington Peace Agreement, addresses all previous resolutions if fully implemented, though success requires genuine political will from all parties.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">On 1 October, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Therese Kayikwamba Wagner, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/02/la-rdc-et-le-japon-signent-un-accord-daide-alimentaire-de-26-millions-usd" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">signed a $2.6 million food aid agreement with Japan</span></a>, to be provided in kind in the form of Thai rice.</p></li></ul>
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      <p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:center;" class="">If there is anything specifically you would like to see from this newsletter or if you have any feedback, we would love to hear from you. Please write to us at <a href="mailto:drcnews@paema.ngo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">drcnews@paema.ngo</span></a> or leave a comment through this <a href="https://forms.gle/cwxXqsJDkgpDZMZb7" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;">anonymous form</a>.</p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>EN BREF</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 30 septembre, la Haute Cour militaire congolaise <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/30/former-drc-president-joseph-kabila-sentenced-to-death-in-absentia" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a condamné l'ancien président Joseph Kabila à la peine de mort</span></a> après l'avoir reconnu coupable de crimes de guerre, de trahison et de crimes contre l'humanité pour son soutien présumé au M23. Le procès s'est tenu par contumace et a été qualifié par <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/10/01/vendetta-in-democratic-republic-of-congo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Human Rights Watch</span></a> de « vendetta politique ».</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le Rwanda et la RDC étaient censés signer l'accord-cadre d'intégration économique régionale (REIF) au début du mois d'octobre. Cependant, à la dernière minute, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-10-03/trump-touted-rwanda-congo-economic-pact-trips-on-elusive-peace" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">les délégués congolais se sont retirés de façon inattendue</span></a>, invoquant la présence persistante des troupes rwandaise dans le territoire congolais.&nbsp;</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Selon le Comité International de la Croix-Rouge (CICR), près de 90 % des 240 centres de santé et cliniques recensés dans les provinces du Nord et du Sud-Kivu font face à <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/nearly-90-surveyed-east-congo-clinics-out-medicines-red-cross-says-2025-10-08/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">une pénurie totale de médicaments</span></a>, conséquence des pillages généralisés et des perturbations liées au conflit affectant la chaîne d'approvisionnement.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">MOSSAC, une coalition ad hoc de groupes de la société civile congolaise et d’avocats, a publié une <a href="https://www.initiativeforequality.org/peace-accords-business-deal-wont-protect-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">note stratégique</span></a> par l’intermédiaire de l’Initiative for Equality. Selon cette analyse, les accords de paix de Washington et de Doha ainsi que le cadre d’intégration économique régionale (REIF) ont été violés et ne sont pas respectés. En outre, le document conclut que la mise en œuvre de ces accords ne permettrait pas d’assurer la paix, la justice ou la souveraineté en République démocratique du Congo.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Russell Vought, directeur du Bureau de la gestion et du budget de la Maison Blanche, ainsi que le secrétaire d'État Marco Rubio, ont <a href="https://www.devex.com/news/trump-administration-to-unlock-hundreds-of-millions-for-un-peacekeeping-111030?consultant_exists=true&amp;oauth_response=success" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">validé l'attribution de 400 millions de dollars pour soutenir les opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies au Liban et en RDC</span></a>. Cette décision appuie la MONUSCO, même après des menaces antérieures de suppression totale du financement. Malgré le maintien de certaines inquiétudes quant à l'avenir à long terme de la MONUSCO, cette allocation représente une évolution plus positive comparativement aux semaines précédentes, durant lesquelles l'appui américain à la mission était remis en question.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:12px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#313131;background-color:#faf9f4;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DROITS HUMAINS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">L'AFC/M23 a annoncé qu'à partir du 1er novembre, les documents de voyage émis par Kinshasa pour les ressortissants étrangers <a href="https://chimpreports.com/m23-rebels-reject-kinshasa-issued-travel-documents-in-occupied-territories/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">ne seront plus acceptés pour l’entrée dans les zones sous son contrôle</span></a>. À partir de cette date, il sera obligatoire pour les voyageurs d’obtenir un visa délivré directement par l’AFC/M23.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 30 septembre, le M23 a <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/01/actualite/securite/plusieurs-personnes-interpellees-lors-dun-bouclage-mene-par-lafc-m23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">mené une opération de bouclage à Bukavu</span></a> (Sud-Kivu). Au cours de cette intervention, plus de 300 personnes ont été interpellées et au moins 30 individus ont été placés en détention.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 2 octobre, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/02/actualite/securite/14-deplaces-tues-lors-dune-attaque-des-miliciens-codeco-au-site-de" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">14 personnes déplacées internes ont été tuées par la milice CODECO</span></a> alors qu’elles cherchaient de la nourriture à proximité de leur camp situé à Rhoo (Djugu, Ituri).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 4 octobre, des rebelles des Forces démocratiques alliées (ADF) <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/06/ituri-trois-civils-tues-et-dautres-emportes-par-les-adf-pres-de-komanda" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">ont tué 3 civils</span></a> et en ont enlevé d'autres au nord-ouest de Komanda (province de l'Ituri). Le 7 octobre, ils ont <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/08/lubero-au-moins-cinq-civils-tues-dans-une-nouvelle-attaque-des-adf-dans-le-secteur-des" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">tué au moins 5 civils</span></a> dans le territoire de Lubero (Nord-Kivu).</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>CONFLITS ARMÉS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">La coalition FARDC-Wazalendo mène actuellement des opérations contre le groupe M23 dans la région de <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/09/29/actualite/securite/une-jeune-fille-blessee-lors-des-combats-entre-wazalendo-et-rebelles" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Masisi</span></a> (Nord-Kivu), dans le but de freiner l'avancée du M23 vers Pinga. Le M23 a récemment <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/07/masisi-luke-et-mulema-passent-sous-controle-de-lafcm23" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">pris le contrôle des localités de Luke et Mulema</span></a>. Au Sud-Kivu, les affrontements se sont étendus au territoire de <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/06/actualite/securite/poursuite-des-combats-entre-fardc-et-afcm23-shabunda" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Shabunda</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 1er octobre, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/05/est-de-la-rdc-les-points-saillants-du-processus-de-paix-cette-semaine" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">près de 9 000 nouveaux membres du M23 ont achevé leur formation à Tshanzu</span></a>, dans la région de Rutshuru au Nord-Kivu. Deux semaines auparavant, <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/05/rdc-la-veille-de-la-reprise-des-pourparlers-annonces-doha-makenga-reaffirme-sa" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">7 000 autres recrues</span></a> avaient terminé leur programme à Rumangabo. Cette augmentation du recrutement montre un décalage entre les accords conclus et ce qui se passe sur le terrain : le M23 semble se préparer à une expansion territoriale alors que les discussions sur un possible cessez-le-feu restent incertaines.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">On observe une intensification des activités des rebelles des Forces démocratiques alliées (ADF) <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/06/tshopo-accalmie-dans-la-region-de-bafwasende-apres-des-affrontements-entre-larmee-et-des" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">dans le territoire de Bafwasende</span></a>, situé dans la province de la Tshopo, alors qu'ils n'y étaient jusque-là que peu présents.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 5 octobre, les <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/06/actualite/securite/de-violents-affrontements-entre-les-fardc-et-la-milice-crp-kasenyi-et" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">FARDC se sont affrontés contre la Convention pour la Révolution Populaire</span></a> (CRP) de Thomas Lubanga dans les localités de Nyamemba et Kasenyi, situées à proximité du lac Albert (province de l'Ituri).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Des affrontements entre factions pro-gouvernementales Wazalendo, dont l'une soutenue par l'armée congolaise, ont eu lieu le <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/09/28/actualite/securite/un-mort-dans-des-affrontements-entre-fardc-et-wazalendo-nyunzu" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">26 septembre à Nyunzu</span></a> (province du Tanganyika), causant la mort d'un civil. Le même week-end, deux autres affrontements entre militants Wazalendo et FARDC ont fait <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/09/29/actualite/securite/5-morts-et-plusieurs-blesses-dans-deux-embuscades-des-wazalendo-contre" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">cinq morts dans les territoires de Lubutu et Punia</span></a> (province du Maniema).</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le commandant en chef ougandais des opérations conjointes avec les FARDC, le général de division Stéphane Mugerwa, a suggéré <a href="https://actu30.cd/2025/10/lutte-contre-les-adf-le-commandant-des-updf-suggere-la-creation-de-groupes-de-defense-dans-les-zones-liberees/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">la création de forces de défense locales pour lutter contre les ADF</span></a> dans l'est de la RDC.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DÉVELOPPEMENT, HUMANITAIRE, SANTÉ</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Selon l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, les mesures adoptées pour répondre à l’épidémie d’Ebola en République démocratique du Congo ont commencé <a href="https://www.afro.who.int/countries/democratic-republic-of-congo/news/response-efforts-slowing-down-democratic-republic-congo-ebola-outbreak" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">à freiner la propagation du virus</span></a>. L’Union européenne a, par ailleurs, <a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/eu-mobilising-emergency-support-democratic-republic-congo-response-ongoing-ebola-outbreak" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">annoncé un engagement financier de 1,8 million d’euros</span></a> dans le cadre de l’aide humanitaire d’urgence afin de renforcer la réponse initiale sur le terrain.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) rapporte que près de <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/nearly-90-surveyed-east-congo-clinics-out-medicines-red-cross-says-2025-10-08/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">90 % des 240 centres de santé et cliniques recensés dans les provinces du Nord et du Sud-Kivu font face à une pénurie totale de médicaments</span></a>, conséquence des pillages généralisés et des perturbations liées au conflit affectant la chaîne d'approvisionnement.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Enabel, l'agence belge de développement, a annoncé <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/08/tshopo-enabel-suspend-ses-activites-isangi-apres-lassassinat-de-quatre-agents-de-sante" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">la suspension de toutes ses activités dans certaines zones du territoire d'Isangi </span></a>(province de la Tshopo), suite au lynchage de quatre agents de santé par une foule, survenu il y a quelques jours.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DÉPLACEMENTS FORCÉS</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Au cours du mois dernier, <a href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/10/07/actualite/societe/trois-deplaces-meurent-de-faim-lubero-centre" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">trois personnes déplacées internes adultes sont décédées de malnutrition</span></a> dans la ville de Lubero (Lubero, Nord-Kivu), mettant en évidence la situation de grande vulnérabilité à laquelle sont exposés les réfugiés et les personnes déplacées internes dans cette région.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Ground Truth Solutions présente les résultats d'une enquête quantitative menée à Mweso (Nord-Kivu) et Minova (Sud-Kivu) en juillet 2025 pour comprendre les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes déplacées et les rapatriés, soulignant la <a href="https://www.groundtruthsolutions.org/library/communitiesunderpressure" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">forte pression sur les ressources, les services et les relations communautaires causée par les crises de déplacement interne</span></a>.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>RAPPORTS ET ANALYSES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><em>The New Humanitarian</em> a <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/africa/east-africa/drc" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">publié une série en trois volets</span></a>, réalisée par des journalistes locaux ayant eux-mêmes vécu la prise de pouvoir du M23 à <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/10/01/m23-takeover-part-one-drc-walikale-forced-labour-and-fears-arrest" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Walikale</span></a>, dans <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/10/06/m23-takeover-part-2-congolese-describe-domination-and-defiance-south-lubero" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">le sud du territoire de Lubero</span></a> et à <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/10/08/m23-takeover-part-3-land-grabs-and-assassinations-dr-congos-rutshuru" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Rutshuru</span></a>. Cette série apporte un regard unique sur le quotidien des habitants sous le contrôle du M23.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le consortium de la société civile <a href="https://pamojakwaamani.org/5017-2/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Pamoja Kwa Amani a récemment publié une déclaration</span></a> dans laquelle il exprime ses inquiétudes face à l’aggravation des conditions sur le terrain, trois mois après la conclusion de l’accord de paix entre la RDC et le Rwanda à Washington, D.C</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le Bureau de coordination de la société civile du Sud-Kivu a <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/66ad0be8ed0f4b24dda66a3a/t/68e7799146df9579cc708a07/1760000401737/_FR__Note_socie%CC%81te%CC%81_civile_Sud_Kivu_au_me%CC%81diateur_de_Doha.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">diffusé une note de plaidoyer</span></a> adressée au Dr Mohammed Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Khulaifi, ministre d'État aux Affaires étrangères du Qatar et principal médiateur entre la RDC et l'AFC/M23. Cette note met l'accent sur l'importance de préserver la souveraineté, l'indépendance et l'intégrité territoriale de la RDC. Elle alerte également sur certaines pratiques qui risquent de compromettre l’établissement d’une paix durable, notamment la délivrance de documents de voyage par le M23 légitimant l'occupation. La note insiste sur le fait que seule la MONUSCO doit être reconnue comme force intérimaire, conformément aux résolutions 2765 et 2773, et encourage l’organisation d’un dialogue non-partisan sous l’égide des églises catholique et protestante, avec la participation active de la société civile, afin d’assurer un processus véritablement inclusif.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Massad Boulos, conseiller principal du président Trump pour l'Afrique, <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/10/01/massad-boulos-conseiller-special-pour-l-afrique-de-donald-trump-notre-politique-repose-sur-trois-piliers-la-paix-les-partenariats-et-la-prosperite_6643974_3212.html" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a accordé une interview au </span></a><em><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/10/01/massad-boulos-conseiller-special-pour-l-afrique-de-donald-trump-notre-politique-repose-sur-trois-piliers-la-paix-les-partenariats-et-la-prosperite_6643974_3212.html" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Monde</span></a> </em>au cours de laquelle il a analysé l'accord entre la RDC et le Rwanda ainsi que les orientations de la politique africaine du président Trump.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">Dans une <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/122097/drc-peace-mining-sanctions/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">analyse publiée par </span></a><em><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/122097/drc-peace-mining-sanctions/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Just Security</span></a></em>, John Prendergast et Sasha Lezhnev, représentants de <em>The Sentry</em>, soutiennent que la levée des sanctions américaines imposées à Dan Gertler pourrait compromettre les progrès en matière de paix et d’investissement en République démocratique du Congo.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>PROCESSUS DE PAIX</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">La Maison Blanche avait initialement prévu la signature de l'accord-cadre d'intégration économique régionale (REIF) entre Kinshasa et Kigali au début du mois d'octobre. Toutefois, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-rwanda-will-not-sign-economic-deal-this-week-setback-peace-process-2025-10-03/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">la signature a été reportée pour une durée indéterminée</span></a>, les représentants congolais s'étant retirés en raison de la présence persistante des troupes rwandaises sur le territoire congolais.&nbsp;</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les délégations de Kinshasa et du M23 <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/08/processus-de-doha-le-nouveau-round-des-discussions-renvoye-la-semaine-prochaine-pour" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">sont attendues à Doha la semaine prochaine</span></a> afin de poursuivre les discussions, notamment sur l'échange de prisonniers dont la mise en œuvre n'a pas encore débuté.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;" class="">MOSSAC, une coalition ad hoc constituée de groupes de la société civile congolaise et d’avocats, a diffusé <a href="https://www.initiativeforequality.org/peace-accords-business-deal-wont-protect-drc/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">une note stratégique</span></a> via <em>Initiative for Equality</em> indiquant que les accords de paix de Washington et de Doha, ainsi que le cadre d’intégration économique régionale (REIF), font l’objet de violations et ne sont pas respectés. Selon cette note, même en cas de mise en œuvre complète, ces accords ne garantissent ni la paix, ni la justice, ni la souveraineté pour la République démocratique du Congo.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>POLITIQUE INTÉRIEURE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 30 septembre, la Haute Cour militaire congolaise <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/30/former-drc-president-joseph-kabila-sentenced-to-death-in-absentia" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a condamné l'ancien président Joseph Kabila à la peine de mort</span></a> après l'avoir reconnu coupable de crimes de guerre, de trahison et de crimes contre l'humanité pour son soutien présumé au M23. Le procès s'est tenu par contumace et a été qualifié par <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/10/01/vendetta-in-democratic-republic-of-congo" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Human Rights Watch</span></a> de « vendetta politique ».</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>ENTREPRISES, MINERAIS, INFRASTRUCTURES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Selon un article de <em>Reuters</em>, un audit financier réalisé en juin par la Cour des comptes de la RDC indique que <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/congo-mining-firms-underreported-168-billion-revenue-audit-says-2025-10-08/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">les sociétés minières opérant au sein du pays ont sous-déclaré 16,8 milliards de dollars de revenus entre 2018 et 2023</span></a>. L’audit révèle également que 70 % des entreprises n’ont pas respecté l’obligation de consacrer 0,3 % de leurs revenus annuels aux fonds de développement communautaire, ce qui a résulté en une perte de contributions à ces fonds estimée à 50,4 millions de dollars.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">À Bukavu, le groupe M23 a exigé aux commerçants de <a href="https://libregrandlac.com/article/7982/bukavu-sous-emprise-:-le-m23-afc-impose-le-monopole-du-ciment-a-la-femme-de-makenga" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">cesser toutes les activités d'importation et de vente de ciment</span></a>. La distribution de ce produit est désormais réservée à l'épouse du commandant militaire Sultani Makenga, qui détient le monopole sur ce secteur.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Africa Intelligence a publié des révélations sur <a href="https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-africa/2025/10/06/the-tshisekedi-clan-s-dangerous-ties-with-cobalt-looting-cartels,110529339-ge0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">les liens entre la famille du président Tshisekedi et certains cartels responsables du pillage du cobalt au Katanga</span></a>, mettant en lumière un système de corruption généralisée qui aurait permis le détournement de plusieurs milliards de dollars. Après avoir été alerté par des ONG locales, le président Tshisekedi a sollicité le soutien de différentes instances, dont le Conseil national de sécurité et l'agence anti-corruption (APLC), afin d'organiser des enquêtes sur place.</p></li></ul>
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    <td valign="top" class="section-text-area section-content-cell" style="padding-top:32px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;color:#faf9f4;background-color:#313131;">
      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>GRANDS LACS ET DYNAMIQUES RÉGIONALES</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">La police burundaise <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/10/05/bujumbura-arrestations-massives-de-congolais-la-peur-sinstalle-dans-la-capitale/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">effectue des fouilles et procèdent à l’arrestation de nombreux civils congolais à Bujumbura</span></a>, expulsant certains vers la frontière de la RDC ou les transférant dans des camps de réfugiés situés au Burundi.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Les Imbonerakure, la milice de la ligue des jeunes du parti au pouvoir au Burundi, <a href="https://www.sosmediasburundi.org/2025/10/01/burundi-cibitoke-des-paysans-expulses-sous-pretexte-de-liens-avec-le-m23/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">ont expulsé plus d'une centaine de familles d'agriculteurs de leurs terres dans la commune de Cibitoke, dans l'ouest du Burundi, les accusant de soutenir le M23</span></a>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le Financial Times rapporte que <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/4aca0f0a-1e61-4846-96d7-b8e01b1f76f8" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">le Burundi traverse la « pire crise économique »</span></a> d'un pays qui n'est pas en guerre.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le <em>Center for Strategic and International Studies</em> (CSIS) a publié une analyse mettant en lumière les risques liés aux <a href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/ugandas-2026-elections-rising-authoritarianism-and-declining-us-engagement" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">élections générales prévues pour janvier 2026 en Ouganda</span></a> ainsi que les implications potentielles d'un désengagement des États-Unis.</p></li></ul>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.275em;mso-line-height-alt:1.275em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Andale Mono', 'Lucida Console', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace;letter-spacing:.04em;text-align:center;"><strong>DIPLOMATIE INTERNATIONALE ET AMÉRICAINE</strong></h4><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Au cours de son déplacement à New York dans le cadre de l’Assemblée générale de l’ONU (voir <a href="https://www.paema.ngo/campaigns/view-campaign/Wj_Ypt1X1zonKBlaJBn6IMRravdeibFJ47AO7m2zaHGSAF7qPJLrgJOPoqwvILNljwddJNVv0-JrgvuGFP8Ytpganoyt5VO9" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">la newsletter précédente</span></a>), le président Félix Tshisekedi <a href="https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-africa/2025/09/25/felix-tshisekedi-holds-low-key-meeting-with-erik-prince,110526318-art" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">a rencontré Erik Prince</span></a> afin d’examiner la possibilité de prolonger le contrat avec Frontier Services Group. Cette démarche s’inscrit dans la volonté des autorités de Kinshasa de renforcer leurs capacités militaires privées.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le gouvernement congolais a organisé <a href="https://x.com/xtr_africa/status/1967608780155167084" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">le premier forum économique États-Unis-RDC</span></a>, qui se tiendra à Washington D.C. les 14 et 15 octobre.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 30 septembre, le <a href="https://press.un.org/en/2025/sc16184.doc.htm" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">Conseil de sécurité a organisé un briefing sur la RDC</span></a>, dans un contexte marqué par l’intensification des violences, l’impasse des pourparlers de paix et les difficultés financières rencontrées par la MONUSCO. Les membres du Conseil ont souligné que, malgré la réduction des capacités opérationnelles de la Mission, les processus de paix menés à Washington, Doha et en Afrique reposent largement sur son appui concernant le soutien cessez-le-feu, le monitoring, le DDR ainsi que la protection des civils. Le représentant de la RDC a rappelé la résolution 2773 du Conseil de sécurité, qui demande le retrait immédiat des forces rwandaises, rappelant le discours du président Tshisekedi qualifiant la situation actuelle de « génocide silencieux » qui persiste depuis trois décennies. De son côté, le délégué rwandais a indiqué que la résolution 2773, defacto intégrée dans l’accord de paix de Washington, englobe toutes les résolutions précédentes sous réserve de sa pleine mise en œuvre, tout en affirmant que la réussite dépend d’une volonté politique réelle de l’ensemble des parties impliquées.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class="">Le 1er octobre, la ministre des Affaires étrangères, Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner, a signé <a href="https://actualite.cd/2025/10/02/la-rdc-et-le-japon-signent-un-accord-daide-alimentaire-de-26-millions-usd" rel="nofollow" style="color:#3d884c !important;"><span style="font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;text-decoration:underline;">un accord d'aide alimentaire de 2,6 millions de dollars avec le Japon</span></a>, à fournir en nature sous forme de riz thaïlandais.</p></li></ul>
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